Mekân ve Beden Bağlamında Gözetim ve Direniş

Gözetim, yaygın teknolojiler ile ona bağlı olarak gelişen konumsal medya ve giyilebilir teknolojilerle, doğrudan nesneye, mekâna ve bedene nüfuz etme yeteneği kazanmıştır. Yaygın teknolojiler, mekânda dağınık bir biçimde bulunan, arayüzü olmadığı için görünmeyen, kablosuz ağlarla birbiri arasında iletişim kurabilen, çevreye gömülü sensörlerle anlık veri toplayan teknolojilerdir. Konumsal medya ise fiziksel mekân ile dijital enformasyonu bir araya getirerek mekâna “hibrit” bir nitelik kazandırırken, kontrol edilebilir “enformasyonel alanlar” yaratmaktadır. Giyilebilir teknolojiler ya da biyolojik gözetim uygulamalarıyla bedenler hesaplanabilmektedir. Gözetim böylece gündelik yaşam pratiklerine daha önce hiç olmadığı kadar işlemektedir. Gözetimin derinleştiği bu atmosferin diğer bir özelliği söz konusu teknolojilerle, aynı zamanda gözetime direniş umudunun doğmasıdır. Mann’ın “karşı gözetim” kavramı sıradan insanın onu gözetleyen iktidarı gözetlemesini ifade ederken, “refleksyonizm”iktidarın aracını kullanarak iktidara mesaj verme, bir nevi ayna tutma yöntemidir. Eleştirmek ve anlam bozumuna uğratmak için medyanın taktiksel kullanımını ifade eden “taktiksel medya”ya da “yaratıcı yanlış kullanım”, gözetime direniş olarak konumsal ve bedensel teknolojilerin eğilip bükülmesini içeren örneklerle çeşitlenmektedir. iktidarın gözetim teknolojilerini kullanırken hedeflediğinin dışında alternatif biçimler yaratmak henüz küçük boyutlarda da olsa kullanıcının elindedir ve artık gözetimsiz bir dünya ihtimalinin olmadığı yerde, sıradan kullanıcın bile gözetime direnebilme ihtimali önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yaygın teknolojiler, konumsal medya ve biyometri, gözetim çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiş; sonrasında söz konusu teknolojilerin refleksyonizm, taktiksel medya ve yaratıcı yanlış kullanım ekseninde gözetime direniş olanakları tartışılmıştır.

Surveillance and Resistance in the Context of Place and Body

Surveillance has gained the ability to penetrate directly into the object, the space and the body, with the ubiquitous computing and the associated locative media and wearable technologies. Ubiquitous computing are technologies that are distributed around the place which are invisible because they do not have an interface, communicate with each other via wireless networks, and collect current data with embedded sensors.Locative media creates “informational territories” while bringing physical space and digital information together to give the place a “hybrid” character.Bodies can be quantified with wearable technologies or bio-surveillance applications so that surveillance operates everyday practices as never before. Another feature of this atmosphere where surveillance is deepened is that the resistance surveillance hope is risen with such technologies. Mann’s concept of “sousveillance” is the way in which ordinary man surveillances the power holder that surveillances him, while “reflectionism” is a way of giving message, using a medium of power holder, to keep a kind of mirror.Tactical media or creative misuse, which refers to the tactical use of the media to criticize and disrupt meaning, is varied with examples including the tendency to bend and twist positional and physical technologies as resist surveillance. It is in the hands of the user, even if it is small in size, to create alternative forms of power beyond what the government is aiming at using surveillance technologies. Where there is no possibility of a non-surveillance world, it is important that even ordinary users are able to resist it. In this study, ubiquitous computing, locative media and biometrics were evaluated within the framework of surveillance; there has been a discussion on the possibilities of resistance in the axis of reflectionism, “tactical media” and “creative misuse.”

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