Vitis vinifera L.’de Floral Gelişme Aşamaları ve Fenolojik Safhalar ile İlişkilendirilmesi

Asmada çiçek salkımı taslaklarının (primordiyumlarının) birincisezonda gelişmesini takiben ikinci gelişme sezonunda çiçek ve çiçekorgan taslakları farklılaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Merlot(Vitis vinifera L.) üzüm çeşidinde sürme sırasında ve sonrasındagözlerde ve çiçeklerde farklılaşma adına gerçekleşen olaylarıntanımlanması ve bu olayların fenolojik safhalar ileilişkilendirilmesidir. Ayrıca, çiçek organlarının farklı gelişmeaşamalarındaki boyutları mikroskop altında belirlenmiştir. 2016yılının 20 Mart ve 10 Mayıs tarihleri arasında her 5-10 günde biralınan örneklerin mikroskop altında dikkatlice incelenmesindensonra, asma floral gelişme aşamalarına 5 ara aşama eklenmiştir (taçyaprak taslağının görünmesini takiben erkek ve dişi organtaslaklarının tam olarak şekillenmesi). Bulgulara göre, çiçek salkımıile salkım üzerindeki her bir çiçeğin farklılaşmasının bahardagözlerin şişmesiyle birlikte olduğu görülmüştür. Çiçek salkımıtaslağının görünür hale gelmesinden yaklaşık olarak 3 hafta sonraerkek organlar ve dişi organ görülebilmiştir. Gelişim sonraki 3 haftaiçerisinde tamamlanmıştır. Çiçek taslağı 1 Nisan’da görülmüş vesonraki 5-6 haftalık dönemde boyutlarını %900’den fazla arttırmıştır.Generatif organ taslakları, 2-4 yaprak sürgünden ayrıldığı zamandagörülebilmiştir. Dişi organ tam şeklini aldığı dönemde, sürgünde 6-8yaprak büyümüş ve çiçek salkımları çıplak gözle ayırt edilebilirduruma gelmiştir.

Floral Development Stages in Vitis vinifera L. and Association With Phenological Stages

After the development of inflorescence primordia in the first season in Vitis, flower and floral organ differentiation take place in the second season. Aim of this study was to describe the differentiation events which occur in the compound buds and flowers during and after budbreak, and to associate these events with the phenological stages in Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) grape cultivar. In addition, size of the floral organs was determined using microscopy, after careful examination of samples collected as buds and flowers under microscope at every 5 to 10 days. Between March 10 and May 10 in 2016, five interval stages (complete shaping of stamen and pistil primordia following petal primordia formation) were added. According to the results, differentiation of inflorescence and flower primordia occurred after bud swelling in the spring. Approximately 3 weeks after the appearance of inflorescence primordia, stamen and pistil were visible. The development was complete in the following 3 weeks. Flower primordium was sighted on April 1 and increased its size more than 900% in 5-6 weeks. Primordia of reproductive organ was seen when the 2-4 leaves separated from the shoot. By the time of pistil taking its final shape, there were 6-8 full leaves grown from the shoot and inflorescences were easily distinguishable by the naked eye.

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