The Use of Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to Determine Potential Starch-based Prebiotics

Probiotics play important roles in many crucial functions formaintaining the homeostasis of the host, such as protection againstpathogens, immunity and metabolism of dietary compounds.Resistant starch (RS) is the starch or the starch products which cannotbe digested through the body, but can be digested by the gutmicrobiota, producing a variety of metabolites which can provide arange of physiological benefits to the host. An RS can be classified asa prebiotic if it can selectively stimulate the growth and/or activity ofthe beneficial bacteria. To investigate the bacteria driven structuralchanges in the prebiotic tapioca starch, we used Attenuated TotalReflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy.Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and intensity analyses ofindividual spectral bands exhibited comprehensive alterations in thepolysaccharide composition of the tapioca starch incubated with theprobiotic bacteria; the starch samples incubated with the bacteriagained a more amorphous structure with a decrease in the orderedstructure. The results suggest that as a fast, cheap, and non-laboriousmethod, FTIR spectroscopy coupled with PCA has a potential to beapplied in the research area as well as in the food industry for theanalysis of the potential prebiotic activity of starch-based substratesor the investigation of the probiotic potential of a bacterial strainthrough the examination of its RS hydrolyzing capacity.

Nişasta Bazlı Potansiyel Prebiyotiklerin Belirlenmesi için Fourier-Transform Kızılötesi Spektroskopisinin Kullanımı

Probiyotikler, konağın homeostazını korumak için patojenlere karşı koruma, bağışıklık ve diyet bileşiklerinin metabolizması gibi birçok kritik işlevde önemli roller oynar. Dirençli nişasta (DN), vücutta sindirilemeyen ancak bağırsak mikrobiyotası tarafından sindirilebilerek, konakçıya çeşitli fizyolojik faydalar sağlayabilen bir grup metabolit üreten nişasta veya nişasta ürünüdür. Bir DN, faydalı bakterilerin büyümesini ve/veya aktivitesini seçici olarak uyarabiliyorsa prebiyotik olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Prebiyotik tapyoka nişastasındaki bakteri kaynaklı yapısal değişiklikleri araştırmak için Zayıflatılmış Toplam Yansıma-Fourier Dönüşümü Kızılötesi (ATR-FTIR) spektroskopisini kullandık. Tekil spektral bantların Temel Bileşen Analizi (PCA) ve yoğunluk analizleri, probiotik bakteri ile inkübe edilen tapyoka nişastasının polisakkarit bileşiminde kapsamlı değişiklikler meydana geldiğini göstermiştir; bakteriler ile inkübe edilen nişasta numuneleri, düzenli yapıda bir azalma ile birlikte daha amorf bir yapı kazanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar hızlı, ucuz ve zahmetsiz bir yöntem olarak, PCA ile birleştirilmiş FTIR spektroskopisinin, nişasta bazlı substratların potansiyel prebiyotik aktivitesinin analizi veya bir bakteri suşunun probiyotik potansiyelinin RS hidrolizleme kapasitesine bakılarak incelenmesi amacı ile araştırma alanında ve gıda endüstrisinde uygulama potansiyeline sahip olduğunu önermektedir.

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