Yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğretilen bir sınıfta düzeltici geri bildirim ve öğrenci edimsel çıkarımı

Bu çalışma, yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğretilen bir sınıfta, öğretmen ile öğrenci arasındaki etkileşimler sırasında meydana gelen farklı türdeki düzeltici geri bildirimleri ve öğrenci edimsel çıkarımlarını tespit etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Daha detaylı belirtmek gerekirse, çalışma sınıf içi etkileşim sırasında hangi düzeltici geri bildirim türünün daha fazla ortaya çıktığını ve hangi düzeltici geri bildirim türünün en çok öğrenci edimsel çıkarımına yol açtığını bulmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu soruları cevaplamak adına, ana dilleri İngilizce olmayan ve 17-18 yaş aralında 10 öğrenci ve ana dili İngilizce olmayan ve bir yıllık öğretim tecrübesi olan bir öğretmen ile yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğretimi yapılan bir sınıfta gözlemsel bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Gözlem sırasında öğrenciler ve öğretmen arasındaki etkileşim araştırmacı tarafından kayıt altına alınmıştır. Gözlem sonrasında, video kaydı kâğıda dökülmüş ve COLT Bölüm B (Spada and Fröhlich, 1995) ve Lyster ve Ranta’nın (1997) hata değerlendirme sıralamasının kombinasyonu baz alınarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, sınıf içi etkileşimler sırasında düzeltici geri bildirim olarak yeniden biçimlendirmenin (recast – %52) kullanımında yüksek bir eğilim olduğunu ve en çok öğrenci edimsel çıkarımına yol açan düzeltici geri bildirim türünün açıklama talebi (clarification request - %100) olduğunu göstermiştir. Araştırmanın ilk sonucu daha önceki çalışmalarla benzerlik gösterirken, öğrenci edimsel çıkarımı ile ilgili olan ikinci sonuç literatürdeki önceki çalışmalardan farklılık göstermiştir (Lyster and Ranta, 1997). Yine de, bu çalışma küçük örneklem büyüklüğü, belirli yaş aralığı ve belirli yeterlilik seviyesi ve zaman bakımından sınırlıdır ve sadece gözlemsel bir çalışmadır. Farklı yaş grubu ve yeterlilik düzeyindeki öğrencileri, daha uzun süreli ve örneklemi büyük gruplarla incelemek gelecekte yapılacak olan çalışmalar için faydalı olabilir.

Corrective feedback and learner uptake in an EFL classroom

This study, aims to find out the instances of different kinds of corrective feedback and learner uptake that are occurred during the interactions between the students and the teacher in an EFL classroom. More specifically, the study tries to find out which corrective feedback type is occurred more and which corrective feedback type leads to more learner uptake during classroom interactions. In order to answer these questions, an observational study was conducted in an EFL classroom with 10 nonnative students whose age were between 17 and 18 and a nonnative teacher who had one year of experience in teaching. The classroom interactions between the students and the teacher were recorded by the researcher during the observation. After the observation, audio recording was transcribed and analyzed by using a combination of COLT Part B (Spada and Fröhlich, 1995) and Lyster and Ranta’s (1997) error treatment sequence as a framework. The findings revealed that there was a strong tendency in the use of recasts (52%) as corrective feedback during classroom interactions and the corrective feedback type that led to more learner uptake was clarification request (100%). While the first result of the study is similar to, the second result which is about learner uptake, differs from the previous research in the literature (Lyster and Ranta, 1997). However, the current study was limited to small sample size, limited age rage, proficiency and time and it is merely observational. Investigating learners with different ages, proficiency levels, and larger samples with longer studies appear to be fruitful for future research.

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