Simple and New Echocardiographic Parameter Related to Aging: Descending Aortic Continuous Wave Doppler Systolic Peak Gradient

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The world inhabitants increasing to grow older fastly, due to rising longevity. A new parameters related to cardiovascular aging may help to understand cardiac pathophysiology and prevention of cardiac disorders. The aim of the study was to find out a possible relationship between descending aortic continuous wave doppler systolic peak gradient and aging, age related illnesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group was composed of 372 people. Aortic coarctation patients and under 18 years old participants exluded to the study. Continuous wave doppler measurements from suprasternal window at supine position were recorded with the cursor parallel to main flow of direction in descending aorta. Descending aortic continuous wave doppler systolic peak gradient was obtained from all participants, and correlations were evaluated between participants caracteristics, echocardiographic, biochemical parameters and age. RESULTS: When descending aortic continuous wave doppler systolic peak gradient was analyzed, there was negative correlations with age (r= -0.499, p

Yaşlanma ile İlişkili Basit ve Yeni bir Parametre: Desendan Aorta Sürekli Dalga Doppler Sistolik Pik Gradient

ÖZ GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Artan insan ömrü nedeniyle dünyadaki yaşlı popülasyon hızla artmaktadır. Yaşlanma ile ilgili yeni parametreler yaşlanmanın fizyopatolojisini ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklardan korunmada fayda sağlayabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı yaşlanma ve yaşlanma ile ilişkili hastalıklar ile desendan aorta CW doppler sistolik pik gradient arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamaktır. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalışmaya 372 katılımcı dahil edildi. Aort koarktasyonu olan hastalar ve 18 yaş altı katılımcılar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Yatar pozisyonda, suprasternal pencereden desendan aortaya paralel olarak sürekli dalga doppler ölçümleri kaydedildi. Aortik sürekli dalga doppler sistolik pik gradienti tüm katılımcılardan elde edildi. Katılımcıların karakteristikleri, ekokardiyografik, biyokimyasal parametreleri ile yaş arasındaki ilişki değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Desendan aortik sürekli dalga doppler sistolik pik gradyanı incelendiğinde yaş ile negatif (r =-0.499,p

PDF

___

1. Lakatta EG, Levy D (2003) Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises: part II: the aging heart in health: links to heart disease. Circulation 107:346–354.

2. Olivetti G, MelissariM, Capasso JM, Anversa P (1991) Cardiomyopathy of the aging human heart. Myocyte loss and reactive cellular hypertrophy. Circ Res 68:1560–1568.

3. Daimon M, Watanabe H, Abe Y, et al. Normal values of echocardiographic parameters in relation to age in a healthy Japanese population: the JAMP study. Circ J. 2008;72:1859–66.

4. Lam CS, RienstraM, TayWT, Liu LC, Hummel YM, van der Meer P, de Boer RA, van Gelder I, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Voors AA, Hoendermis ES (2017) Atrial fibrillation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: association with exercise capacity, left ventricular filling pressures, natriuretic peptides, and left atrial volume. JACC Heart Fail 5:92–98

5. Daimon M, Watanabe H, Abe Y, et al. Gender differences in agerelated changes in left and right ventricular geometries and functions. Echocardiography of a healthy subject group. Circ J. 2011;75:2840–6.

6. Fleg JL, O’Connor F, Gerstenblith G, et al. Impact of age on the cardiovascular response to dynamic upright exercise in healthy men and women. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1995;78:890–900.

7. Yutani C. Atlas of cardiac pathology. 1st ed. Bunkoudou: Department of Pathology, State Cardiovascular System Disease Center Japan; 1991. p. 257–259.

8. Dai DF, Chen T, Johnson SC, et al. Cardiac aging: from molecular mechanisms to significance in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2012;16:1492–526.

9. Paulus WJ, Tscho¨pe C. A novel paradigm for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: comorbidities drive myocardial dysfunction and remodeling through coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:263–71.

10. Ashton HA, Buxton MJ, Day NE, Kim LG, Marteau TM, Scott RA, et al; Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study Group. The Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study (MASS) into the effect of abdominal aortic aneurysm screening on mortality in men: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:1531–9.

11. Howard DP, Banerjee A, Fairhead JF, Handa A, Silver LE, Rothwell PM; Oxford Vascular Study. Population-Based Study of Incidence of Acute Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms With Projected Impact of Screening Strategy. J Am Heart Assoc 2015;4:e001926.

12. Loffredo FS, Nikolova AP, Pancoast JR, et al. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: molecular pathways of the aging myocardium. Circ Res. 2014;115:97–107.

13. Wu J, Xia S, Kalionis B, et al. The role of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular aging. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:615312.

14. Verbrugge FH, Tang WH, Mullens W (2015) Renin-Angiotensinaldosterone system activation during decongestion in acute heart failure: friend or foe? JACC Heart Fail 3:108–111.

15. O’Rourke MF. Principles and definitions of arterial stiffness, wave reflections and pulse pressure amplification. In: Safar ME, O’Rourke MF (eds). Handbook of Hypertension (series editors: Birkenhäger WH, Reid JL), Vol. 23, Arterial Stiffness in Hypertension. Elsevier, 2006; 3–20.

16. Guerin A, Blacher J, Pannier B et al. Impact of aortic stiffness attenuation on survival of patients in end-stage renal disease. Circulation 2001; 103: 987– 992.

17. London GM, Pannier B. Arterial functions: how to interpret the complex physiology. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010 Dec;25(12):3815-23. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq614.

18. Van Sloten TT, Schram MT, van den Hurk K, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Henry RM, et al. Local stiffness of the carotid and femoral artery is associated with incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: the Hoorn study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(17):1739-47.

19. Bonapace S, Rossi A, Cicoira M, Targher G, Valbusa F, Benetos A, Vassanelli C. Increased aortic pulse wave velocity as measured by echocardiography is strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart failure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013 Jul;26(7):714-20. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2013.03.022.

20. Yaman M, Arslan U, Bayramoğlu A, Bektaş O, Karataş A. Color M-mode echocardiographyderived propagation velocity of descending aorta decreases with aging. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2017 May 24;13:669-674. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S133011.