Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunda çalışma belleği işlevleri: Derleme çalışması

En yaygın nörogelişimsel bozukluklardan biri olan otizm spektrum bozukluğu, özellikle sosyal iletişim kurmada zorluk, sınırlı ilgi ve tekrar eden davranışlarla ortaya çıkan ve yaşam boyu süren bir durumdur. Temel bir yürütücü işlev olan çalışma belleği ise aynı zamanda dürtü kontrolü, inhibisyon, organizasyon, zihinsel esneklik, dikkati odaklama, planlama, yeni durumlara cevap verme, eylemleri başlatma ve izleme, problem çözme ve hedefe yönelik davranışlarla ilişkili olan bir bilişsel işlevdir. Araştırmalar, çalışma belleği bozukluklarının otizm spektrum bozukluğunda gözlemlenen tekrarlayan davranışlar, akademik başarısızlık riski ve diğer nörogelişimsel bozukluklarla ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu açıdan, çalışma belleği bozuklukları nörogelişimsel bozukluklarda, özellikle otizm spektrum bozukluğunda sıklıkla görülmektedir. Mevcut çalışmada, otizm ve çalışma belleğine dair giriş bölümü sunulduktan sonra, otizm spektrum bozukluğu ile ilişkili çalışma belleği fonksiyonları detaylı olarak gözden geçirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, frontal lob fonksiyonlarının önemini vurgulayan beyin görüntüleme çalışmaları, tekrarlayan davranışlar ve çalışma belleği arasındaki bağlantı ve çalışma belleği fonksiyonlarındaki yaş farklılıkları özetlenmiştir. Daha sonra, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve yaygın gelişimsel bozukluk gibi diğer nörogelişimsel bozukluklarda çalışma belleği bozuklukları otizmle karşılaştırılarak tartışılmaktadır. Son olarak, mevcut derlemenin sonuç kısmında gelecekteki çalışmalara katkı sağlaması amaçlanan öneriler yer almaktadır.

Working memory functions in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A review

Autism spectrum disorder, one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, is a lifelongcondition, especially with difficulties in social communication, limited interest, and repetitivebehavior. Working memory, as a basic executive function, is a cognitive process also associatedwith impulse control, inhibition, organization, mental flexibility, focusing on one's attention,planning, responding to new situations, initiating and monitoring actions, problem solving, andgoal-directed behaviors. Studies suggest that working memory impairments are associated withrepetitive behaviors, and the risk for academic failure observed in autism spectrum disorder, andother neurodevelopmental disorders. From this point of view, working memory deficits are oftenfound in neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in autism spectrum disorder. In the currentstudy, following an introduction to autism and working memory, working memory functionsassociated with autism spectrum disorder were reviewed in detail. In this context, brain imagingstudies highlighting the importance of frontal lobe functions, links between repetitive behaviorsand working memory, and age differences in working memory functions were summarized. Next,working memory deficits in other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and pervasive developmental disorder were discussed in comparisonwith autism. Finally, the conclusion part of the current review tried to provide a contribution tofuture studies.

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