Thomas Kuhn'un paradigma kavrayışı üzerine analitik bir irdeleme

Thomas Kuhn, Bilimsel Devrimlerin Yapısı adlı kitabıyla bilim felsefesi çalışmalarında yeni bir çığır açmıştır. Özellikle klasik bilim algısına yönelik karşı çıkışları ve bilimsel sürecin kırılma noktaları üzerine olan vurgusu, metnin 1962 tarihli ilk basımından günümüze değin hâlâ yoğun bir biçimde tartışılmaktadır. Bilindiği üzere bilimsel etkinliği esasen olağan bilim ve devrim dönemleri üzerinden karakterize eden Kuhnun çalışması paradigma terimini eksen kabul eder. Bununla birlikte terimin söz konusu kitapta son derece geniş bir fenomen örgüsünü adlandırmak için kullanılması, paradigma terimi hakkında adeta bir mitolojinin doğmasına neden olmuştur. Dahası Kuhn, özellikle 60ların sonu ve 70lerde terimin anlam katmanlarını berraklaştırmak için yeni bir dizi tanım sunma cihetine gitmiş ve bu husus tartışmaları daha da alevlendirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın hedefi, Thomas Kuhnun paradigma kavramını analitik bir düzlemde incelemektir. Bu çerçevede, gerek Kuhnun 1962 tarihli Bilimsel Devrimlerin Yapısı, gerekse de ilgili sonraki çalışmaları üzerinden, paradigma terimi derinlemesine çözümlenecek ve açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.

An analytical examination on Thomas Kuhn s conception of paradigm

Thomas Kuhn has made an influent contribution to philosophy of science with his epoch-making book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. His arguments that especially against to classical apprehension of sciences and emphasis on revolutionary aspects of scientific process have created great discussions among the philosophers of science since the birth of the Scientific Revolutions in1962. Kuhn s understanding of scientific process within the framework of normal and revolutionary phases of science does accept the notion of paradigm as a fundamental basis and this obviously well-known by the authorities. Nonetheless, usage of that term at the Scientific Revolutions for a designation of various different phenomena has brought forth a kind of paradigm-mythology almost. What is more, while he was trying to clarify the meaning constituents of the paradigm at the end of the 60 s and also 70 s, he partially renewed his former definitions for paradigm. But contrarily to his aims, his explanatory approach has interestingly inflamed the disputations around the paradigm. The aim of this study is to explicate Thomas Kuhn s conception of paradigm in an analytical way. In this context, not only with a critical examination of his magnum opus (i.e., The Structure of Scientific Revolutions) but also his related following later works; that famous and controversial notion of paradigm is going to be deeply analyzed.

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