BUĞRAHAN EMSEN, MEHMET KARATAŞ, MUHAMMET DOĞAN

In Vitro Koşullarda Çoğaltılan Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell’nin Oksidatif Stres İnhibisyon Aktiviteleri

Mevcut çalışma, doku kültürü tekniği ile üretilen Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell’nin metanol ve su ekstraktlarının antioksidan bileşenlerini ve aktivitelerini sunmaktadır. Çoklu sürgün rejenerasyonu için B. monnieri’nin sürgün ucu eksplantları 0,05, 0,25, 0,50, 1,00 ve 2,00 mg/L 6-Benzilaminopurine (BAP) ve 0,25 mg/L Kinetin (KIN) kombinasyonlarını içeren Murashige ve Skoog (MS) besin ortamında sekiz hafta boyunca kültüre alınmıştır. Ayrıca eksplantlar kontrol amaçlı içerisinde bitki büyüme düzenleyici içermeyen MS besin ortamında da kültüre alınmıştır. Maksimum eksplant başına sürgün sayısı (24,39 adet) 1,00 mg/L BAP + 0,25 mg/L KIN içeren MS ortamında elde edilmiştir. En yüksek sürgün uzunluğu (2,91 cm) 0,50 mg/L BAP + 0,25 mg/L KIN içeren besin ortamında kaydedilmiştir. B. monnieri’nin antioksidan içerikleri bitkinin toplam fenol, flavonoid, β-karoten ve likopen oranları ölçülerek belirlenmiştir. Denemeler, su ekstraktının antioksidan yönden zengin olduğunu göstermiştir. B. monnieri’nin 2,2-difenil-1- pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) ve metal şelatlama aktiviteleri incelendiğinde, en yüksek aktivitelerin 4,31 ve 5,12 mg/mL medyan inhibitör konsantrasyonu (IC50) değerleri ile su ekstraktına ait olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, B. monnieri’nin yüksek antioksidan kapasiteye sahip olduğundan dolayı oksidatif stres kaynaklı hastalıkların tedavisinde önemli bir rol oynayabileceğini göstermektedir.

Oxidative Stress Inhibition Activities of In Vitro Propagated Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell

Present study presents antioxidant components and activities of methanol and water extracts of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell propagated by the tissue culture technique. For multiple shoot regeneration, shoot tip explants of B. monnieri (L.) Pennell were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0,05, 0,25, 0,50, 1,00 and 2,00 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0,25 mg/L Kinetin (KIN) combinations for eight weeks. The explants were also cultured on plant growth regulator-free MS medium with the purpose of controlling. Maximum number of shoots per explant (24,39) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1,00 mg/L BAP + 0,25 mg/L KIN. The highest shoot length (2,91 cm) was recorded on MS medium containing 0,50 mg/L BAP + 0,25 mg/L KIN. Antioxidant components of B. monnieri were determined by measuring total phenol, flavonoid, β-carotene and lycopene rates of methanol and the water extracts of the plant. The treatments showed that the water extract is rich in antioxidant compounds. When 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and metal chelating activities of B. monnieri were investigated, it was revealed that the highest activity belonged to the water extract with 4,31 and 5,12 mg/mL median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value, respectively. Obtained data indicated that since B. monnieri had high antioxidant capacity, it may play a critical role in the treatment of oxidative stress-induced diseases.

PDF

___

Anbarsi, K., Vani, G., Balakrishna, K., Devi, CS. 2006. Effect of bacoside a on brain antioxidant status in cigarette smoke exposed rats. Life Sci., 78: 1378-1384.
Banerjee, M., Shrivastava, S. 2008. An improved protocol for in vitro multiplication of Bacopa monnieri (L.). World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 24: 1355-1359.
Bhattacharya, SK., Bhattacharya, A., Kumar A., Ghosal S. 2000. Antioxidant activity of Bacopa monniera in rat frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus. Phytother. Res., 14: 174-179.
Channa, S., Dar, A., Anjum, S., Yaqoob M., Atta Ur, R. 2006. Anti-inflammatory activity of Bacopa monniera in rodents. J. Ethnopharmacol., 104: 286-289.
Chatterji, N., Rastogi, RP., Dhar, ML. 1965. Chemical examination of Bacopa monnieri Westtst.: Part II-the constitution of bacoside A. Indian J. Chem., 3: 24-29.
Doğan, M. 2013. In Vitro koşullarda tilki kuyruğu (Ceratophyllum demersum L.)’nun çoğaltimi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi, Karaman.
Dogan, M., Karatas, M., Aasim, M. 2015. An efficient in vitro plantlet regeneration of Ceratophyllum demersum L., an important medicinal aquatic plant. Fresenius Envir. Bull., 24: 3499-3504.
Dogan, M., Karatas, M., Aasim M. 2016. In vitro shoot regeneration from shoot tip and nodal segment explants of Pogostemon erectus (Dalzell) Kuntze, a multipurpose ornamental aquatic plant. Fresenius Envir. Bull., 25: 4777-4782.
Emsen, B., Aslan, A., Togar, B., Turkez, H. 2016. In vitro antitumor activities of the lichen compounds olivetoric, physodic and psoromic acid in rat neuron and glioblastoma cells. Pharm. Biol., 54: 1748–1762.
Emsen, B., Turkez, H., Togar, B., Aslan, A. 2017. Evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of olivetoric and physodic acid in cultured human amnion fibroblasts. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 36: 376–385.
Fang, Y.Z., Yang, S., Guoyao Wu, G. 2002. Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition, 18: 872-879.
Fidrianny, I., Puspitasari, N., Marlia Singgih, W. 2014. Antioxidant activities, total flavonoid, phenolic, carotenoid of various shells extracts from four species of legumes. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 7: 42-46.
Gnanaraj, WE., Marimuthu, J., Subramanian, K.M., Nallyan, S. 2011. Micropropagation of Alternanthera sessilis (L.) using shoot tip and nodal segments. Iran. J. Biotechnol., 9: 206-212. Karatas, M., Aasim, M., Dogan, M., Khawar KM. 2013a.
Adventitious shoot regeneration of the medicinal aquatic plant water hyssop (Bacopa monnieri L. Pennell) using different internodes. Arch. Biol. Sci., 65: 297-303.
Karatas, M., Aasim, M., Çınar, A., Dogan, M. 2013b. Adventitous shoot regeneration from leaf explant of dwarf hygro (Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson). Sci. World J., DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/680425.
Karatas, M., Aasim, M., Dogan, M. 2014. Multiple shoot regeneration of Ceratophyllum demersum L. on agar solidified and liquid mediums. Fresenius Envir. Bull., 23: 3-9.
Karatas, M., Dogan, M., Emsen, B., Aasim, M. 2015. Determination of in vitro free radical scavenging activities of various extracts from in vitro propagated Ceratophyllum demersum L. Fresenius Envir. Bull., 24: 2946-2952.
Liu, Y., Du, Y., Wang, J., Zha, X., Zhang, J. 2014. Structural analysis and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide isolated from Jinqian mushroom. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 64: 63-68.
Lorenzo, JM., González-Rodríguez, RM., Sánchez, M., Amado, I.R., Franco, D. 2013. Effects of natural (grape seed and chestnut extract) and synthetic antioxidants (buthylatedhydroxytoluene, BHT) on the physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of dry cured sausage “chorizo”. Food Res. Int., 54: 611-620.
Murashige, T., Skoog, F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant., 15: 473-497.
Niki, E., Yoshida, Y., Saito, Y., Noguchi, N. 2005. Lipid peroxidation: mechanisms, ınhibition, and biological effects. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 338: 668-676.
Öztürk, M., Khawar, KM., Atar, HH., Sancak, C., Özcan, S. 2004. In vitro micropropagation of the aquarium plant Ludwigia repens. Asia Pac. J. Mol. Biol. Biotechnol., 12: 20-24.
Raja, HD., Arockiasamy, DI. 2008. In vitro propagation of Mentha viridis L. from nodal and shoot tip explants. Plant Tissue Cult. Biotechnol., 18: 1-6.
Rajani, M., Shrivastava N., Ravishankara, MN. 2004. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell) - a medhya rasaayana drug of ayurveda. biotechnology of medicinal plants: vitalizer and therapeutic enfield, New Hampshire: Science Publishers, Inc. pp. 89-110.
Risch, SJ., Ho, CT. 1997. Spices, American Chemical Society, USA, 206 p.
Sairam, K., Dorababu, M., Goel, RK., Bhattacharya, SK. 2002. Antidepressant activity of standardized extract of Bacopa monniera in experimental models of depression in rats. Phytomedicine, 9: 207-211.
Sandeep, K., Singh, BB., Balwinder, K., Kuldeep, S., Dinesh, N. 2013. Herbal plants as potential anticancer agents: a review. Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci., 4: 233-251.
Sharma, OP., Bhat, TK. 2009. DPPH antioxidant assay revisited. Food Chem., 113: 1202-1205.
Sharma, S., Kamal, B., Rathi, N., Chauhan, S., Jadon, V., Vats, N., Gehlot, A., Arya, S. 2010. In vitro rapid and mass multiplication of highly valuable medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 9: 8318-8322.
Soltaninejad, K., Kebriaeezadeh, A., Minaiee, B., Ostad, SN., Hosseini, R., Azizi, E., Abdollahi, M. 2003. Biochemical and ultrastructural evidences for toxicity of lead through free radicals in rat brain. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 22: 417-23.
Stanly, C., Bhatt, A., Keng, CL. 2011. An efficient in vitro plantlet regeneration of Cryptocoryne wendtii and Cryptocoryne becketti through shoot tip culture. Acta Physiol. Plant., 33: 619- 624.
Uabundit, N., Wattanathorn, J., Mucimapura, S., Ingkaninan, K. 2010. Cognitive enhancement and neuroprotective effects of Bacopa monnieri in Alzheimer’s disease model. J. Ethnopharmacol., 127: 26-31.
Vijayakumar, M., Vijayakumar R., Stephen, R. 2010. In vitro propagation of Bacopa monnieri L.-a multipurpose plant. Indian J. Sci. Technol., 3: 781-786.
Vollala, V.R., Upadhya, S., Nayak, S. 2010. Effect of Bacopa monniera Linn. (brahmi) extract on learning and memory in rats – a behavioral study. J. Vet. Behav., 5: 69-74.
Wassmann, S., Wassmann, K., Nickenig, G. 2004. Modulation of oxidant and antioxidant enzyme expression and function in vascular cells. Hypertension, 44: 381-386.
Wu, JQ., Kosten, TR., Zhang, XY. 2013. Free radicals, antioxidant defense systems, and schizophrenia. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry., 46: 200-206.
Xiang, Q., Liu, Q., Xu, L., Qiao, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, X. 2013. Carnosic acid protects biomolecules from free radical-mediated oxidative damage in vitro. Food Sci. Biotechnol., 22: 1-8.