DEVLET BORÇLARININ KÖKENİ, GELİŞİMİ VE İKTİSADİ TEMELLERİ

Devlet borçları, birçok aşamadan geçmiş ve dini, felsefi ve iktisadi kaynaklardan beslenmiştir. Kavram, ilk olarak dini ve felsefi akımlar çerçevesinde faiz yasağı bünyesinde ele alınmış ve borcun iktisadi hayat üzerindeki etkisinin görülmesi neticesinde, devlet borcu kavramına dair değerlendirmeler borcun iktisadi etkileri etrafında şekillenmiştir. Özellikle İngiltere’deki Muhteşem Devrim ile birlikte devlet borcu kavramı, modern iktisadi sistemde kabul gören özellikleri ihtivâ etmeye başlamış ve iktisadi düşünce okulları mensupları, dönemin koşullarından ve geçmiş tecrübelerden faydalanarak bu konuda fikir beyan etmişlerdir. Bu minvalde Fizyokratlar ve Klasik iktisatçılar devlet borçları konusunda muhafazakâr bir tutum sergilerlerken Merkantilistler ile çoğunluğunu Alman iktisatçıların oluşturduğu bir kısım yazar, devlet borçlarına karşı ılımlı bir tavır takınmışlardır. Devlet borçlarının kökeni, gelişimi ve iktisadi temelleri adını taşıyan bu çalışmada, devlet borçlarının dönüşümü, ekonomik niteliği ve borçlanmanın devlet, birey ve toplum açısından önemi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Devlet Borcu, Devlet Borcunun Temeli, Faiz İçeren Borçlanma, İktisadi Düşünce ve Devlet Borcu

THE ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF PUBLIC DEBTS

The public debt have come from many stages and have been fed from many sources of religion, philosophy, and economics. It was first dealt with in the context of interest within the framework of religious and philosophical currents, due to the awareness of the negative effect of debt on the economic life, the evaluations on the public debts focused on economic effects of them. Especially with the Glorious Revolution in England, the concept of state debt has begun to include features that are accepted in the modern economic system. Hence while the Physiocrats and Classics had a more conservative stance on debt, Mercantlist and some authors, many of whom are German economists, had adopted a more moderate attitude towards government borrowing. In this study, which is called the origin, development and economic foundations of publıc debts, we focused on public debt transformations and its economic nature. We also investigated the importance of public debt interms of state, individual and community.

Keywords:

Public Debt, Origin of Public Debt, Interest Bearing Borrowing, Economic Thoughts and Public Debt,

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