Tuğba KURT, Yusuf ALTUNDAĞ, Serhat ÖZSOY

Treatment of Pathological Fractures in Two Lion Cubs (Panthera leo) with Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidsm

Secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism (NSH) is a metabolic disease characterized by the symptoms such as lameness, constipation, lordosis, and pathological fractures resulting from Ca and P imbalance. A five months old captive-bred two lion cubs were presented with pain in the whole body, reluctance to move, and growth retardation with no history of trauma. Radiographs revealed generalized osteopenia, multiple fractures of all limbs, and lordosis of the caudal vertebrae. Some of these fractures were nonunion. Based on radiographic findings and a history of an exclusive chicken liver diet and goat milk since weaning (after 1 month age), a diagnosis of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism was made. The diet was changed to a portion of commercial kitten food, vitamin D supplements, goat milk. Operative interventions were performed to repair the fractured bones and for those which were not suitable for operation, bandage was applied. Cubs were given cage rest for 8 weeks. At the end of these processes, patients were discharged walkable.

Nutrisyonel Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizmli İki Yavru Aslanda Patolojik Kırıkların Tedavisi

Nutrisyonel sekonder hiperparatiroidizm (NSH), Ca ve P dengesizliğine bağlı topallık, konstipasyon, lordoz ve patolojik kemik kırıkları gibi semptomlarla karakterize olan bir hastalıktır. Bu raporun materyalini oluşturan beş aylık iki aslan yavrusu, travma öyküsü olmaksızın tüm vücutta ağrı, hareket etme isteksizliği ve büyüme geriliği ile kliniğimize başvurmuştur. Radyografilerinde genel osteopeni, tüm uzuvlarda çok sayıda kırık ve kaudal omurlarda lordoz görülmüştür. Radyografik bulgulara ve sütten kesildikten (1 aylıktan sonra) bu yana tavuk karaciğeri ve keçi sütünden oluşan bir diyetle beslenme hikayesine dayanarak nutrisyonel sekonder hiperparatiroidizm teşhisi konulmuştur. Diyet; ticari bir yavru kedi maması, D vitamin takviyesi, keçi sütü olarak değiştirilmiştir. Hastaların kırıkları için operatif müdahaleler gerçekleştirilmiş, operasyona uygun olmayan kırıklar için bandaj uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Yavrulara 8 hafta boyunca kafes istirahati uygulanmıştır. Bu işlemlerin sonunda hastalar yürüyebilir şekilde taburcu edilmiştir.

PDF

___

1. De Macedo BC, Costa ACS, de Souza LAS, Chaves JF, de Lourdes Correa Pinheiro V, Schwanke K, João CF, Rodrigues DF: Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a domestic feline: Case report. Pubvet, 12 (7): 1-6, 2018.

2. Moarrabi A, Mosallanejad B, Khadjeh G, Noorani B: Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in cats under six-month-old of Ahvaz. Iran J Vet Surg, 3 (1): 59-65, 2008.

3. Won D, Park C, In Y, Park H: A case of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a Siberian tiger cub. J Vet Med Sci, 66 (5): 551–553, 2004. DOI: 10.1292/jvms.66.551

4. Asi MN, Lodhi LA, Mughal MN, Abbas G, Muhammad G, Saqib M: Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in an african lion cub (Panthera leo). Pak Vet J, 34 (4): 554-556, 2014.

5. Herz V, Kirbergerb RM: Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a white lion cub (Panthera leo), with concomitant radiographic double cortical line. J S Afr Vet Assoc, 75 (1): 49-53, 2004.

6. Maas M, Keet DF, Nielen M: Hematologic and serum chemistry reference intervals for free-ranging lions (Panthera leo). Res Vet Sci, 95 (1): 266–268, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.01.023

7. Fielder SE: Merck Veterinary Manuel. https://www.merckvetmanual. com/special-subjects/reference-guides/serum-biochemical-referenceranges; Accessed: 13.10.2020.

8. Parker VJ, Gilor C, Chew DJ: Feline hyperparathyroidism: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of primary and secondary disease. J Feline Med Surg, 17 (5): 427-39, 2015. DOI: 10.1177/1098612X15581134

9. Vesal N, Naeini AT: Immobilization and anesthesia of African lion (Panthera leo) 5 cases. Iran J Vet Surg, 2 (3): 77-82, 2007.

10. Watson MK, Stern AW, Labelle AL, Joslyn S, Fan TM, Leister K, Kohles M, Marshall K, Mitchell MA: Evaluating the clinical and physiological effects of long-term ultraviolet B radiation on guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). PLoS One, 9 (12):e114413, 2014. DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.0114413

11. Bharathidasan M, Thirumurugan R, William BJ, George RS, Arunprasad A, Kannan TA, Viramuthu S: Xylazine-ketamine immobilization and propofol anesthesia for surgical excision of sebaceous adenoma in a jaguar (Panthera onca). Vet World, 7 (11): 986-990, 2014. DOI: 10.14202/ vetworld.2014.986-990

12. Mills MG, Bester MN, Smithers RHN, Skinner J: The Mammals of the Southern African Sub Region. 2nd ed., Struik Publishers, University of Pretoria. 364-365, 1990.

13. Williams PG: Nutritional composition of red meat. Nutr Diet, 64 (s4): S113-S119, 2007. DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2007.00197.x

14. Nagata N, Yuki M: Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a cat. J Anim Clin Med, 22 (3): 101-104, 2013.

15. Parker VJ, Gilor C, Chew DJ: Feline hyperparathyroidsm, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of primary and secondary disease. J Feline Med Surg, 17, 427-439, 2015. DOI: 10.1177/1098612X15581134

16. Tomsa K, Glaus T, Hauser B, Flückiger M, Arnold P, Wess G, Reusch C: Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in six cats. J Small Anim Pract, 40 (11): 533–539, 1999. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1999.tb03015.x

17. Wacker M, Holick MF: Sunlight and vitamin D. Dermatoendocrinol, 5 (1): 51-108, 2013. DOI: 10.4161/derm.24494

18. Nair R, Maseeh A: Vitamin D: The “sunshine” vitamin. J Pharmacol Pharmacother, 3 (2): 118-126, 2012. DOI: 10.4103/0976-500X.95506

19. Majie AK, Mondal P, Ghosh SK, Banerjee DN: Invasive management of humerus fracture in wild langur (Presbytis entellus) with a view to rehabilitation back to the wild. Wildl Rehab Med, 34 (1): 7-10, 2014.

20. Barranco GHF, Barssalho MA, Barranco F, Almeida DA, Ferreire JZ, Fernandez S, de Andrade Cruvinel TM, Rossetto VJV : External skeletal fixator Intramedullary pin “Tie-in” for the repair of comminuted tibial fracture in a Brazilian fox (Pseudalopex vetulus). Acta Sci Vet, 44 (Suppl. 1): 174, 2016.

21. Barranco GHF, Villela MSF, de Oliveira GH, Fernandez S, de Santana NG, de Andrade Cruvinel TM, Rossetto VJV: Femoral osteosynthesis in black capuchin monkey (Sapajus nigritus) using locking plate. Acta Sci Vet, 46 (Suppl. 1): 256, 2018. DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.85154

22. Boucher C, Zeiler G: Femur fracture repair of a tiger cub (Panthera tigris tigris) suffering from nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteopenia. Vet Rec Case Rep, 3:e000188, 2015. DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr2015-000188

23. Yong JAA, Lewis DD, Citino SB, Cunningham MW, Cross AR, Farese JP, Pablo LS: Surgical management of appendicular long-bone fractures in free-ranging florida panthers (Puma Concolor Coryi): Six cases (2000- 2014). J Zoo Wildl Med, 49 (1): 162-171, 2018. DOI: 10.1638/2017-0058R1.1