ARZU FUNDA BAĞCIGİL, SERKAN İKİZ, SEYYAL AK, NACİYE YAKUT ÖZGÜR

Isolation of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci from animal faeces, detection of antimicrobial resistance profiles and vancomycin resistant genes

Vankomisin dirençli enterokoklardan (VRE) kaynaklanan infeksiyonlar, tedavide karşılaşılan zorluklar nedeniyle insan hekimliğinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Son yıllarda yapılan genetik düzeydeki çalışmalar, hayvanlardaki VRE varlığının da insanlardaki infeksiyonunun epidemiyolojisinde önemli olacağını vurgulamaktadır.Bu çalışmada farklı hayvan türlerinde VRE varlığı ve türlerinin dağılımının saptanması; antibiyotiklere duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi; vankomisin direncinin kodlayan v anA, vanB, vacC1, vanC2/C3 genlerinin dağılımının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla evcil hayvanlardan ve çiftlik hayvanlarından rektal svab ve tavuklardan kloakal svab/altlık örnekleri (n=500) toplandı ve VRE yönünden bakteriyolojik olarak incelendi. İzolatların identifikasyonun takiben, antimikrobiyal duyarlıkları Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standartlarına uygun yöntemlerle saptandı. Vankomisine direnç ile ilişkili vanA, vanB, vanC1 ve vanC2/C3 genlerinin Enterococcus türleri arasındaki dağılımı multipleks-PCR ile araştırıldı. Kedilerin %17sinden, diğer gruplardaki hayvanların herbirinin %20sinden, toplamda örneklerin %19undan VRE izole edilmiştir. Yapılan multiplex PCR sonucunda izolatların 39u E. casselifavus, 55i E. gallinarum ve 3ü E. faecium olarak tanımlanmıştır. Antimikrobiyal duyarlılık testi sonuçlarına göre izolatların büyük çoğunluğu penicillin G, siprofoksasin ve eritromisine dirençli bulundu. İzolatların 18 (%18.6)inin iki antibiyotik grubuna ve 69 (%71)unun 3 ve daha fazla sayıda antibiyotik grubuna dirençli oldukları saptandı.

Hayvan dışkılarından Vankomisin dirençli Enterokokların izolasyonu, antimikrobiyal direnç profillerinin ve Vankomisin direnç genlerinin saptanması

Infections caused by Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) are important in human medicine in terms of treatment difficulties. Molecular studies in the last years revealed that VRE occurrence in animals might be important in epidemiology of infections in human. This study aims to detect VRE occurrence in various animals, examine antibiotic resistance profiles phenotypically, and determine the distribution of the vancomycin resistant genes, vanA, vanB, vacC1, vanC2/C3 . For this purpose, rectal swabs were collected from farm and companion animals; and cloacal swab or litter were collected from chickens and they were processed for VRE isolation. Following the identification of the isolates, antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates were determined in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards. Distribution of the vancomycin resistant genes; vanA, vanB, vanC1 and vanC2/C3 among enterococcus species and diferent animal species were determined by multiplex PCR. VRE were isolated from 17% of the feline samples, 20% of each of the other species, and 19% of all the samples. Those isolates were identified as E. casselifavus (n=39), E. gallinarum (n=55) and E. faecium (n=3) as a result of multiplex-PCR. According to the antimicrobial susceptibility tests, most of the isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin G, ciprofoxacin and erythromycin. Eighteen (18.8%) of the isolates were found to be resistant against two antibiotic groups, while 69 (71 %) of them were resistant to three or more antibiotics.

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