Erdener BALIKÇI, Nurdan GÜNGÖR, Fetiye KOLAYLI, Murat HÖKELEK

In Vitro Eff ect of Pelargonium sidoides on Promastigote Forms of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica

Leishmaniasis is recognized as a neglected disease by the World Health Organization (WHO). New treatment modalities are needed for the treatment of leishmaniasis due to the limited number of drugs that can cause toxic side eff ects. Therefore, studies are being carried out on herbal extracts, which can be potential candidates for the treatment. Pelargonium sidoides a perennial herb originating in Africa, is used to treat infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to perform in vitro investigation of the direct eff ect of P. sidoides commercially available root extract (EPs 7630) on promastigotes of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica. For this purpose, L. infantum and L. tropica strains were grown on NNN medium and then transferred into RPMI 1640 medium supported by 10% fetal bovine serum. After mass growing, the promastigotes were placed into 96-well plates with L. infantum as 5x104 and L. tropica as 1.5x105 . EPs 7630 was diluted at a concentration of 400, 200, 100 and 50 µg/mL. Afterwards, EPs 7630 was added and then counted by hemocytometry at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The calculations were done after the experiments repeated three times. Comparison with the control group and liposomal amphotericin B showed that EPs 7630 had no inhibitory eff ect on the growth of Leishmania promastigotes at the concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL, a partial inhibitory eff ect at 200 µg/mL, and an inhibitory eff ect at 400 µg/mL. It was concluded that identifying the substance(s) responsible for the antileishmanial eff ect of P. sidoides extract, conducting toxicity studies, and improving the results of these studies in in vivo models may be useful as steps for future clinical studies.

Pelargonium sidoides’in Leishmania infantum ve Leishmania tropica Promastigot Formlarına İn Vitro Etkisi

Leishmaniasis Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından ihmal edilmiş bir hastalık olarak kabul edilmektedir. Leishmaniasis tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçların sınırlı, maliyeti yüksek, toksik ve yan etkileri bulunması sebebiyle yeni tedavi yöntemleri geliştirilmeye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır ve bu kapsamda bitkisel ekstraktlar üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Afrika kökenli çok yıllık bir bitki olan Pelargonium sidoides birçok hastalığı tedavi etmek için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Leishmania infantum ve Leishmania tropica promastigotları üzerinde ticari olarak mevcut P. sidoides kök ekstraktının (EPs 7630) doğrudan etkinliğinin in vitro olarak araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla L. infantum ve L. tropica suşları NNN besiyerinde üretildikten sonra %10 fetal sığır serumu eklenen RPMI 1640 besiyerine aktarıldı. Çoğaltıldıktan sonra promastigotlar, L. infantum için 5x104 ve L. tropica için 1.5x105 olacak şekilde 96 oyuklu plakalara yerleştirildi. Daha sonra, EPs 7630’un 400, 200, 100 ve 50 μg/mL konsantrasyonları ile 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat inkübe edildi. EPs 7630’un L. infantum ve L. tropica suşlarının promastigotları üzerine etkinliği hemositometri yöntemi ile sayılarak belirlendi. Hesaplamalar, deneyler üç kez tekrarlandıktan sonra yapıldı. Kontrol grubu ve lipozomal amfoterisin B ile karşılaştırıldığında EPs 7630’un 50 ve 100 μg/mL konsantrasyonlarda Leishmania promastigot üremesi üzerinde inhibe edici etkisinin olmadığı, 200 μg/mL‘de düşük inhibitör etkili olduğu ve 400 µg/mL’de etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. EPs 7630’un anti-leishmanial etkisinden sorumlu madde veya maddelerin incelenmesi, toksisite çalışmalarının yapılması ve bu çalışma sonuçlarının in vivo modellerle geliştirilmesinin klinik çalışmalara basamak olması açısından yararlı olabileceği düşünülmüştür

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