Establishing the optimum cutting date and additives for pasture Grass silage and ıts Mycotoxin levels

Bu çalışma, çayır otlarından silaj yapılması için en uygun biçim zamanı ve silaj katısı ile silajlardaki mikotoksin rezidülerinin belirlenmesi için yapılmıştır. Çayır otu örnekleri 24 Haziran, 1 ve 8 Temmuz tarihlerinde alınmıştır. Çayır otlarından katkısız, %5 arpa, %5 melas katkılı silajlar yapılmıştır. Silajlar yapıldıktan sonraki 134. günde açılarak kuru madde (KM), ham kül (HK), ham protein (HP), ham selüloz (HS), NDF, ADF, ham yağ (HY), pH, laktik asit (LA), asetik asit (AA), bütirik asit (BA), total aflatoksin, aflatoksin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone yönünden analiz edilmiştir. Silajların HK ve organik madde içerikleri arasında istatistiksel farklılık görülmezken, KM, HP, NDF, ADF, HY, azotsuz öz madde, pH, LA, AA ve BA içeriklerinde farklılık gözlemlenmiştir. Tüm taze çayır otlarında ve silajlarında mikotoksin residüleri bulunmuştur. Silajlardaki total aflatoksin ve AFB1 düzeyi genelde kabul edilebilir sınırların üzerinde iken, zearalenon düzeyi altında bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgular söz konusu tarihlerinin tümünün silaj yapımı için uygun olduğunu, ancak elde edilecek kuru maddenin daha fazla olması bakımından Temmuz ayının ilk iki haftasının daha uygun olduğunu, en iyi katkının küflenmeye karşı gerekli tedbirler alınarak %5 melas olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ot silajı, melas, mikotoksinler, silaj, silaj fermantasyonu, silaj yapımı, zamanlama, zearalenone, aflatoksin

Çayır otu silajları için en uygun biçim zamanı ve silaj katkısının belirlenmesi ve silajlardaki mikotoksin düzeylerinin belirlenmesi

This study was aimed at determining most suitable cutting date and additives for pasture grass for ensiling and their mycotoxin residues. Grass samples were obtained at 24th June; 1st and 8th July. No additives, 5% ground barley or molasses additives silages were made. Silages opened 134 day after ensiling, and analysed for dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), NDF, ADF, ether extract (EE), pH, lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), total aflatoxin, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone. There were no statistical differences in CA and organic matter contents among the silage; however, there were differences in DM, CP, NDF, ADF, EE, nitrogen free extract, pH, LA, AA and BA. Mycotoxins residues were found in all fresh grass and silage samples. Total aflatoxin and AFB1 residues were generally above the acceptable limits in silages, but zearalenone residues were below. These findings suggest that the indicated times in our study are suitable for silage making, but the first two weeks of July is more proper due to the higher dry matter obtained, and best additive is 5% molasses provided that precautions against the fungi are taken in silages with molasses.

Keywords:

grass silage, molasses, mycotoxins, silage, silage fermentation, silage making, timing, zearalenone, aflatoxins,

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