Efficacies of formic, oxalic and lactic acids Against Varroa destructor in naturally infested honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies in Turkey

Bu çalışma, bal arılarının (Apis mellifera L.), Türkiye dahil olmak üzere tüm dünyada yaygın paraziti olan Varroa destructor’un kontrolünde kullanılan formik asit, okzalik asit ve laktik asidin, Türkiye’nin Marmara Bölgesi koşullarında etkinliğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Deneme kolonileri homojen olarak her biri sekiz kovandan oluşan beş gruba ayrılmıştır. Gruplara formik, okzalik ve laktik asidin yanı sıra etkisi bilinen kimyasal ilaç olarak coumaphos (Perizin®) uygulanmış ve bir grup tedavi edilmeden kontrol olarak bırakılmıştır. Her koloni iki sonbahar - bir ilkbahar olmak üzere üç sezon tedavi edilmiştir. Asitlerin etkileri Henderson - Tilton formülüyle, asitler arası önem ise Tukey’in çoklu karşılaştırma testi ile belirlenmiştir. İlk sonbaharda en yüksek etki %93.7 ile okzalik asitte görülmüş, coumaphos %92.5, formik asit %84.7 ve laktik asit %54.3 etki göstermiştir. İlkbahar sezonunda coumaphos %65.6, formik asit %21.4, okzalik asit ve laktik asit %8.3; ikinci sonbahar sezonunda (üçüncü sezonda) ise coumaphos %96.9, formik asit %95.6, okzalik asit %93.3 ve laktik asit %87.7 etki göstermişlerdir. Denemeler sırasında ana arının yumurtlamasında bir azalma veya ergin arı ölümleri gözlenmemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

bal arısı, formik asit, kumafos, Apis mellifera, oksalik asit, laktik asit

Türkiye’de Varroa destructor ile doğal enfeste bal arısı (Apis mellifera L.) kolonilerinde formik, okzalik laktik ve asitlerin etkinliği

This study was performed to determine the efficacies of formic, oxalic and lactic acids in the control of the common ectoparasite Varroa destructor on naturally infested honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies in the Marmara region of Turkey. Experimental colonies were divided in to five homogeneous groups of eight hives each. Formic, oxalic and lactic acids and coumaphos (Perizin®, a chemical with known efficacy, for comparison) were each applied to one group, with the fifth group serving as the untreated control. Each colony was treated during three seasons, two autumn seasons and one spring. The efficacy of the acids was measured by the Henderson–Tilton formula, and the significance between the acids was determined via Tukey’s multiple comparison test. In the first autumn, the highest percentage of the efficacy were detected in oxalic acid (93.7%) followed by coumaphos (92.5%), formic acid (84.7%) and lactic acid (54.3%). In spring, the efficacy rate was 65.6% in coumaphos while these rates were 21.4% in formic acid and 8.3% in oxalic and lactic acid each one. On the other hand, in the second autumn, the efficacy rate was 96.9% in coumaphos, 95.6% in formic acid, 93.3% in oxalic acid and 87.7% in lactic acid, respectively. During the trials, we observed no reduction in the queen bees’ egg laying or in adult bee deaths due to the treatments.

Keywords:

honey bees, formic acid, coumaphos, Apis mellifera, oxalic acid, lactic acid,

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