Mojgan NAHAVANDINEJAD, Alireza SEIDAVI, Leila ASADPOUR

Effects of soybean meal processing method on the broiler immune system

Çalışmada tamamen tesadüfi tasarı içinde farklı soya küspesi işleme metodlarının broylerlerde immun sistem parametreleri üzerine etkisi incelendi. Deney dörtlü olarak gruplandırılmış 200 erkek Ross broylerlerde gerçekleştirildi. Tavuk rasyonunda soya küspesi, ham soya küspesi, 20 dakika otoklavlanmış (121°C’de), 30 dakika otoklavlanmış, 46°C’de mikrodalgada fırında tutulmuş, 540 watt’ta 7 dakika tutulmuş ve 120°C’de 20 dakika pişirilmiş olmak üzere 5 farklı işlem ile hazırlandı. Serum antikor titreleri infeksiyöz bronşite karşı aşılanmış broilerde 23. günde, Newcastle’a karşı aşılananlarda 27. günde, Gumboro’ya karşı aşılananlarda 30. günde ve koyun eritrositleri inokule edilenlerde 28. ve 42. günlerde belirlendi. Sonuçlar pişirilmiş soya küspesinin broylerlerde çeşitli aşıların uygulanması ve koyun eritrositleri inokulasyonu (28. günde) sonucunda serum antikor titrelerini arttırdığını göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

soya küspesi, antikor, otoklavlama, etlik piliç, bağışıklık sistemi, mikrodalga işlemi, kümes hayvanları, işleme, aşılama (hayvan)

Soya küspesi işleme metodunun broyler immun sistemine etkisi

Various methods of processing soybean meal were evaluated for their effects on the immune system parameters of broilers in a completely randomized design. The experiment was carried out in 200 male Ross broilers, grouped as quadruple. Soybean meal in the chicken feed was prepared by five different processes; i.e. raw soybean meal, autoclaved (121°C) for 20 min, autoclaved for 30 min, microwaved at 46°C, 540 watt for 7 min and baked at 120°C for 20 min. The serum antibody titers of broiler vaccinated against infectious bronchitis was determined at 23 days that against Newcastle was done at 27 days, that against Gumboro was done at 30 days and that against sheep red blood cells was done at 28 and 42 days. Results showed that baked soybean meal could help promoting the broiler serum antibody titers against various vaccines as well as against sheep red blood cells at 28 days (P<0.05).

Keywords:

soyabean oilmeal, antibodies, autoclaving, broilers, immune system, microwave treatment, poultry, processing, vaccination,

PDF

___

1. Kelasing KC, Austic AE: Changes in protein degradation in chickens due to an inflammatory challenge. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 176 (3): 292-296, 1984.
2. Kocher A, Choct M, Porter MD, Bbrozt J: The effect of enzyme addition to broiler diets. Containing high concentration of canola of sunflower meal. Poult Sci, 79, 1769-1774, 2000.
3. Jafari-Sayadi A, Navidshad B: Livestock Feed. p. 509, Publications Dictionary, First Printing, 2000.
4. Liener IE, Kakade ML: Protease Inhibitors. In, Toxic Constituents of Plant Foods. Academic Press, New York, p. 7, 1980.
5. Liener IE, Kakade ML: Toxic Constituents of Plant Foods. New York, Academic Press, 1980.
6. Aburt A, Vazues M, Dale NM: Strategies for utilizing over processed soybean meal: II. Lysine supplementation. J Appl Poult Res, 32, 196-201, 1998.
7. Parsons CM, Zhang Y, Araba M: Nutritional evaluation of soybean meals varing in oligosaccharide content. Poult Sci, 32, 1127-1131, 2000.
8. Martinez A: Effective preparation and application for vaccinating broilers. Int Poult Prod, 17 (8): 11-12, 2006.
9. Kidd MT: Nutritional modulation of immune function in broilers. Poult Sci, 83, 650-657, 2004.
10. Praharaj NK, Dunnington EA, Siegel PB: Growth, immuno- responsiveness, and disease resistance of diverse stocks of chickens rear under two nutritional regimens. Poult Sci, 74, 1721-1729, 1995.
11. Cheng S, Rotschild MF, Lamont SJ: Estimates of quantitative genetic parameters of immunological traits in the chicken. Poult Sci, 70, 2023-2027, 1991.
12. Svensson EI, Sinervo B: Mechanistic and experimental analysis of condition and reproduction in a polymorphic lizard. J Evol, 15, 1034-1047, 2002.
13. Svensson E, Sinervo M, Comendant T: Density dependent competition and selection on immune function in genetic lizard morphs. Proceeding of National Academy Sci, USA, 55, 2053-2069, 2001.
14. Hamilton W, Sandstedt R: Aproteolytic inhibiting substance in the extract from unheated soybean meal and its effect upon growth in chicks. J Biolo, 161, 635-642, 2000.
15. Alonso R, Aguirre A, Marzo F: Effect of extrusion and traditional processing method on antinutritional and in vitro digestibility of protein and starch in faba and kidney beans. Food Chem, 68,159-165, 2000.
16. Kaankuka F, Balogun G, Tegbe T: Effects of duration of cooking of full-fat soya beans on proximate analysis, levels of antinutritional factors, and digestibility by weanling pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 62, 229-237, 1996.
17. United States Department of Agriculture: USDA National Nutrient Database For Standard Reference Release 18. http//www.Nal.usda.gov.fnic. fiidcomp.Data.SR18. sr18.html, 2009.
18. Ladics GS: Primary immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as the conventional T-cell dependent antibody response (TDAR) test. J Immunotoxicology, 4 (2): 149-152, 2007.
19. Latifi N: Soybean farming: Agriculture - Physiology - Uses. University Publication, Ferdousi University, Mashhad, 1993.
20. Liener IE: Antinutritional factors related to proteins and amino acids. In, Hui YH, Gorbam JR, Murrell KD, Cliver DO (Eds): Foodborne Disease Handbook. Vol. 3, pp. 261-309, New York, 1994.
21. Liener IE: Implications of antinutritional components in soybean foods. Crits Rev Food Sci Nutr, 34, 31-67, 1994.
22. Hoossain MA, Becker K: Nutritive value and antinutritional factors in different varieties of sesbania seeds and their morphological fraction. Food Chem, 73, 421-431, 2001.
23. Huisman J, Tulman GH: Recent advances in animal nutrition. Butterworths Heeinman, Oxford, UK, 1992.
24. Ramaswamy R, Balasubramaniam VM, Sastry SK: Effect of high pressure and irradiation treatment on hydration characteristics of navy beans. Inter Foodengineering, 1, 1-17, 2005.
25. Yannai S: Toxic Constituents of Plant Foodstuffs. Academic Press, New York, 1980.
26. Chorn L: Use of soybean meal and oil in diets of sea bream and sea bass. Available in: www.asa.europe.org.pdf.sbmibdiets.pdf, 2000.
27. Seick AR: Soybean meal Quality. Available in, www.asa.com, 1997.
28. Rackis JJ: Biological and physiological factors in soybeans. J American Oil Chem Soc, 51, 35, 1974.
29. Kakad ML, Rackis, R, McGhee JJ, Puski G: Determination of trypsin inhibitor activity of soya products: Collaborative analysis of an improved procesure. Cereal Chem, 51, 376, 1974.
30. Schulze H, Saini HS, Huisman J, Hessing M, Van-den-Berg W, Verstegen MWA: Increased nitrogen secretion by in dusion of soya lectin in diets of pigs. J Sci Food Agri, 69, 501-510, 1995.
31. Huisman J, Jansman AJM: A pare typsin inhibitor from soybeans. Dirtary Review Nutrition Abstracts and Review (Series B), 12, 906, 1991.
32. Pusztai A: Dietary lectins are metabolic signals for the gut and modulate immune and hormone functions. Eur J Clin Nutr, 47, 691-699, 1993.
33. Vohra P, Karatzer FH: Evalution of soybean meal determines adequancy of heat treatment. University of California, Davis U.S, 1990.
34. Wiryawan KG, Dingle JG: New vegetable protein for layers. University Anim Prod Gatton, 4345, 1997.
35. Douglas MW, Parsons CM, Hymowitz T: Nutritional evalution of lectin- free soybeans for poultry. Poult Sci, 78, 91-95, 1999.
36. Fasina YO, Garlich JD, Classen HL, Ferket PR, Havonstein GB, Grimes JL, Qureshi MA, Christensent VL: Response of turkey poults to soybean lectin levels typically encountered in commercial diets. 2-Effect on intestinal development and lymphoid organs. Poult Sci, 85, 870-877, 2006.
37. Grant G, Van Driessche E: Legume lectins: Physiochemical and nutritional properties. In, Van der Pool AFB, Huisman J, Saini HS (Eds): Recent Advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds. pp. 219-233, Wageningen Press, Wageningen, Netherlands. 1993.
38. Kadam SS, Smithad PR, Eyreand MD, Armstrong DG: Effect of heat treatments of antinutritional factors and quality of proteins in winged bean. J Sci Food Agri, 39, 267-275, 1987.
39. Pusztai A, Bardocz S: Biological effects of plant lectins on the gastrointestinal trast: Metabolic consequences and applications. Trends Glycosci Glycotechnol, 8, 140-165, 1996.
40. Cavalle de Moya C, Grant G, Frubeek GF, Urdaneta E, Garcia M, Marzo M, Santidrian S: Local (gut) and systemic metabolism of rats in altered by consumption of raw bean Phaseolus volgaris L. var. athropurpurea. Brit J Nutr, 89, 311-318, 2003.
41. Grant G, Dorward PM, Buchan WG, Armour J, Pusztai A: Consumption of diets containing raw soya beans (Glycin max), Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Cow-peas (Vigna unguiculata) or lupin seeds (lupinus angustifolius) by rats for up to 700 days: Effects on body composition and organ weights. Brit J Nutr, 73, 17-29, 1995.
42. Pusztai A, Begbie R, Grant Ewen GSWB, Bardocs S: Indirect Effects of Food Antinutritions on Protein Digestibility and Nutritional of Diets. Chapter- 4, pp. 45-61, 1995.
43. Sahari MA, Shariatmadari F: Anti-nutritive compounds in human food, livestock, poultry and seafood. Publication Andishmand, 25-28, 2002.
44. Roder H, Sauder JM, Park SH: Kinetic and Structural Characterization of Early Even Events. In, Kuwajima K, Aria M (Eds): Protein Folding. Old and New Views of Protein Folding. pp. 65-74, Elsevier, Amesterdam, 1999.
45. Katic Z, Krizic N, Pliestic S, Tajana K: Optimizing roasting process of full fat soya. 2nd International Full- fat Soya Conference. ASA. Budapest, Hungary, pp. 90-98, 1996.
46. Thomason DM: Review of processing systems for full- fat soy. Full fat soya. A Regional Conference. American Soybean Association, Milan, Italy, pp. 114-122, 1987.
47. Clarke E, Wiseman J: Nutritional Value of Soya Products for Non-ruminant Farm Animals. American Soybean Association. Singapore, 183 pp, 2000.
48. Hafez YS, Singh G, Mc Lellan ME, Monroe-Lord L: Effects of microwave heating on nutritional quality of soyabeans. Nutr Rep Inter, 28, 413-421, 1983.
49. Yoshida H, Kajimoto G: Effects of microwave treatment on the trypsin inhibitor and molecular species of tryglycerides in soybeans. J Food Sci, 53, 1756-1761, 1988.