Effect of replacement of fishmeal with sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) meal on growth, feed utilization and body composition of mirror carp Fry (Cyprinus carpio)

Bu çalışma, balık unu yerine gümüş balığı ununun (GBU) aynalı sazan (Cyprinus carpio, başlangıç ağırlık: 0.29±0.06 g balık-1) yavru yemlerinde kullanım potansiyelinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Balık unu proteininin %0, 25, 50, 75 ve 100’ü oranında GBU proteini ilave edilerek protein (%41, kuru ağırlık) ve enerji (15.75 MJ SE kg-1) oranları eşit beş farklı yemlerle akvaryumdaki balıklar üç tekrarlı olarak 13 hafta süreyle beslenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre %75’e kadar GBU içeren yemlerle beslenen balıkların büyüme performansı ve yem kullanım etkinliği kontrol grubu ile benzer (P>0.05), ancak %100 GBU içeren yemle beslenen gruptan önemli oranda yüksek bulunmuştur (P

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Atherina, vücut komposizyonu, sazan balığı, diyetler, sindirilebilirlik, balık beslenmesi, balık unu, büyüme oranı, performans özellikleri, yararlanma

Balık unu yerine gümüş balığı (Atherina boyeri) unu kullanımının aynalı sazan (Cyprinus carpio) yavrusunun büyümesi, yem kullanımı ve vücut kompozisyonu üzerine etkisi

A 13-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate potential use of sand smelt meal (SSM) as a replacement of fishmeal in diets for mirror carp fry Cyprinus carpio (0.29±0.06 g fish-1). Three groups were fed to apparent satiation twice daily each of five isonitrogenous (41%; dry matter) and isoenergetic (15.75 MJ DE kg-1) diets formulated to include 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of fishmeal protein being substituted by SSM. The results indicate that growth performance and feed utilization efficiency for fish fed diets containing SSM up to 75% were similar (P>0.05) to the control diet, except for fish fed the 100% SSM diet. The dietary treatments aff ected significantly (P<0.05) the hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices of fish. There were no significant diff erences in body composition following inclusion level of SSM. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, lipid and energy were not aff ected by dietary treatments. However, the ADC of protein for fish fed the %75 SSM diet was higher than the others. These results indicate that up to 75% of fishmeal protein can be replaced by SSM in diets for carp fry without adverse eff ects on growth, feed utilization and body composition.

Keywords:

Atherina, body composition, carp, diets, digestibility, fish feeding, fish meal, growth rate, performance traits, utilization,

PDF

___

1. Glencross BD, Booth M, Allan GL: A feed is only as good as its ingredients-a review of ingredient evaluation strategies for aquaculture feeds. Aquacult Nutr, 13, 17-34, 2007.
2. Hardy RW, Tacon AGJ: Fish meal: Historical uses, production trends and future outlook for supplies. In, Stickney RR, MacVey JP (Eds): Responsible Marine Aquaculture. pp. 311-325. CABI Publishing, New York, 391 pp, 2002.
3. Wee KL, Shu SW: The nutritive value of boiled full-fat soybean in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia. Aquaculture, 81, 303-314, 1989.
4. Webster CD, Thompson KR, Morgan AM, Grisby EJ, Gannam AL: Used of hempseed meal poultry by-product meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for Sunshine Bass. (Morone chrysops X M. saxatilis) fed practical diets. Aquaculture, 188, 299-309, 2000.
5. Abdelghany AE: Partial and complate replacement of fish meal with gambusia meal in diets for red tilapia (Oreochramis niloticus X O.mosambicus). Aquacult Nutr, 9, 145-154, 2003.
6. Adebayo OT, Fagbenro OA, Jegerde T: Evaluation of Cassia fistula meal as a replacement for soybean meal in practical diets Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Aquacult Nutr, 10, 99-104, 2004.
7. Zhou QC, Mai KS, Tan BP, Liu YJ: Partial replacement of fishmeal by soybean meal in diets for juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquacult Nutr, 11, 175-182, 2005.
8. Zhang S, Xie S, Zhu X, Lei W, Yang Y, Zhao M: Meat and bone meal replacement in diets for juvenile gibel carp (Carassius gibelio): Eff ects on growth performance, phosphorus and nitrogen loading. Aquacult Nutr, 12, 353-362, 2006.
9. Yang Y, Xie S, Cui Y, Zhu X, Lei W, Yang Y: Partial and total replacement of fish meal with poultry by-product meal in diets for gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch. Aquac Res, 37, 40-48, 2006.
10. Muzinic LA, Thompson LS, Metts S, Dasgupta S, Webster CD: Use of turkey meal as partial and replacement of fish meal in practical diets for sunshine bass (Morone chryops X M. saxatilis) grown in tanks. Aquacult Nutr, 12, 71-81, 2006.
11. Hu M, Wang Y, Wang Q, Zhao M, Xiong B, Qian X, Zhao Y, Luo Z: Replacement of fish meal by rendered animal protein ingredients with lysine and methionine supplementation to practical diets for gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio. Aquaculture, 275, 260-265, 2008.
12. Azaza MS, Kammoun W, Abdelmouleh A, Kraiem MM: Growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fed with diff erently heated soybean-meal-based diets. Aquacult Int, 17, 507-521, 2009. DOI 10.1007/s10499-008-9220-8.
13. Ergun S, Yigit M, Turker A, Harmantepe B: Incorporation of soybean meal and hazelnut meal in diets for Black sea turbot (Scophthalmus maeoticus). Isr J Aquac-Bamidgeh, 60 (1): 27-36, 2008.
14. Gümüş E, Kaya Y, Balcı BA, Acar BB: Partial replacement of fishmeal with tuna liver meal in diets for common carp fry, Cyprinus carpio L., 1758. Pak Vet J, 29, 154-160, 2009.
15. Gümüş E, Kaya Y, Balcı BA, Aydın B, Gülle İ, Gökoğlu M: Replacement of fishmeal with sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) meal in practical diets for Nile tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus). Isr J Aquac-Bamidgeh, 62 (3): 172-180, 2010.
16. Gümüş E, Erdogan F: Eff ects of Partial Substitution of Fish Meal with Tuna Liver Meal on the Fatty Acid Profile of Nile Tilapia Fry, Oreochromis niloticus. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16 (Suppl-B), S283-S290, 2010.
17. Küçük F, Gülle İ, Güçlü SS, Gümüş E, Demir O: Eff ect on fishing and lake ecosystem of sand smelt (Atherine boyeri Risso, 1810) as an invasive species. I. National Fishing and Reservoir Management Symp. 7-9 February, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 119-128, (In Turkish), 2006.
18.TFS (Turkstat Fisheries Statistics): Fishery statistics. Agricultural and Rural Aff airs Ministry. Ankara, Turkey, 2007.
19. NRC (National Research Council): Nutrient Requirements of Fish. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA, 1993.
20. Maynard LA, Loosli JK: Animal Nutrition, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 613 pp, 1969.
21. AOAC: Offical Methods of Analysis 16th ed. Association of Offical Analitical Chemists, Inc., Arlington,VA, USA, 1995.
22. Furukawa A, Tsukahara H: On the acid digestion method for determination of chromic oxide as an indicator substance in the study of digestibility in fish. Bull J Soc Sci Fish, 32, 502-506, 1966.
23. Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dickey DA: Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A biometrical approach. 3rd ed. McGraw Hill Book Company Inc, New York, USA, 1996.
24. Horvath L, Tamas G, Seagrave C: Carp and Pond Culture. 2th ed, p. 170. Fishing News Books, A division of Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK, 2002.
25. Ahmad MH: Evaluation of gambusia, Gambusia affinis, fish meal in practical diets for fry Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. J World Aquac Soc, 39, 243-250, 2008.
26. Peres H, Oliva-Teles A: Eff ect of the dietary essential amino acid pattern on growth, feed utilization and nitrohen metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture, 267, 119-128, 2007.
27. Kim JD, Lall SP: Eff ects of dietary protein level on growth and utilization of protein and energy by juvenile haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Aquaculture, 195, 311-319, 2001.
28. Ogino C: Requirements of carp and rainbow trout for essential amino acids. Bull J Soc Sci Fish, 46, 171-174, 1980.