Mengli ZHENG, Xilin LI, Qiongxian YAN, Chuanshe ZHOU, Zhiliang TAN, Peihua ZHANG

Eff ects of Diff erent Zinc Sources on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Zinc Metabolism of Pregnant Goats and Their Off spring

This study investigated the eff ects of diff erent zinc (Zn) sources on body weight, body size, serum biochemical indexes and mineral concentrations in Liuyang pregnant goats and their off spring. Twenty-four two-years-old Liuyang Black goats were randomly allocated to three groups and fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet supplemented respectively with Zn-sulfate (ZnS), Zn-methionine (ZnM), Zn-glycinate (ZnG) at 60 mg/kg Zn for the last 52 days of gestation. The weight and chest circumference of kids in the ZnG group were signifi cantly higher than those in the ZnS group. The concentrations of CHOL and HDL in the serum were signifi cantly higher in the ZnG group than that in the ZnM group 10 days before gestation, but CRPL levels were signifi cantly higher in the ZnS group than in other two groups. The serum ALP activity of 60-day old kid-goats was signifi cantly higher than that of 30-day old and 100-day old ones. The concentrations of potassium and Zn in serum of ZnG group were signifi cantly higher than that of ZnS group. These fi ndings revealed that ZnG as dietary supplementation can improve the performance of kidgoats, while ZnG and ZnM can enhance the immunity of pregnant and postpartum goats, and ZnG supplement is better than ZnM.

Farklı Çinko Kaynaklarının Gebe Keçi ve Yavrularında Büyüme Performansı, Serum Biyokimyasal İndeksleri ve Çinko Metabolizması Üzerine Etkileri

Bu çalışmada, farklı çinko (Zn) kaynaklarının Liuyang gebe keçilerinde ve yavrularında vücut ağırlığı, vücut büyüklüğü, serum biyokimyasal indeksleri ve mineral konsantrasyonları üzerine etkileri araştırıldı. Yirmi dört adet iki yaşlı Liuyang Karası keçi rastgele üç gruba ayrıldı ve gruplar gebeliklerinin son 52 gününde, Zn konsantrasyonu 60 mg/kg olacak şekilde hazırlanan sırasıyla Zn-sülfat (ZnS), Zn-metiyonin (ZnM), Zn-glisinat (ZnG) ilaveli bazal mısır-soya küspesi diyeti ile beslendi. ZnG grubundaki keçi yavrularının ağırlıkları ve göğüs çevresi, ZnS grubundakilerden önemli ölçüde daha yüksek saptandı. Serum CHOL ve HDL konsantrasyonları gebelikten 10 gün önce, ZnG grubunda ZnM grubundakilerden anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti, ancak CRPL seviyeleri diğer iki gruba göre ZnS grubunda anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti. 60 günlük oğlakların serum ALP aktivitesi, 30 günlük ve 100 günlük oğlakların serum ALP aktivitesinden anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti. ZnG grubunun serum potasyum ve çinko konsantrasyonları, ZnS grubuna göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti. Bu bulgular, besin takviyesi olarak ZnG’nin oğlakların performansını artırabileceğini, ZnG ve ZnM’nin gebe ve doğum sonrası keçilerin bağışıklığını artırabileceğini ve ZnG takviyesinin ZnM’den daha iyi olduğunu ortaya koydu.

PDF

___

1. Maares M, Haase H: Zinc and immunity: An essential interrelation. Arch Biochem Biophys, 611, 58-65, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.022

2.Baltaci AK, Yuce K, Mogulkoc R: Zinc metabolism and metallothioneins. Biol Trace Elem Res, 183, 22-31, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1119-7

3. Ianni A, Innosa D, Martino C, Grotta L, Bennato F, Martino G: Zinc supplementation of Friesian cows: Effect on chemical-nutritional composition and aromatic profile of dairy products. J Dairy Sci, 102, 2918- 2927, 2019. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15868

4. Swain P, Das R, Das A, Padhi SK, Das KC: Effects of dietary zinc oxide and selenium nanoparticles on growth performance, immune responses and enzyme activity in rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Aquac Nutr, 25, 486- 494. 2019. DOI: 10.1111/anu.12874

5. Hemalatha K, Arangasamy A, Selvaraju S, Krishnaiah MV, Rani GP, Mishra A, Soren NM, Reddy IJ, Ravindra JP: Effect of dietary supplementation of organic zinc and copper on in vitro semen fertility in goat. Small Ruminant Res, 161, 68-72, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres. 2018.02.003

6. Jia W, Jia Z, Zhang W, Wang R, Zhang S, Zhu X: Effects of dietary zinc on performance, nutrient digestibility and serum zinc status in Cashmere goats. Small Ruminant Res, 80, 68-72, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j. smallrumres.2008.09.009

7. Hirano T, Murakami M, Fukada T, Nishida K, Yamasaki S, Suzuki T: Roles of zinc and zinc signaling in immunity: Zinc as an intracellular signaling molecule. Adv Immunol, 97, 149-176, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/S0065- 2776(08)00003-5

8. Wrightt CL, Spears JW: Effect of zinc source and dietary level on zinc metabolism in Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci, 87, 1085-1091, 2004. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73254-3

9. Sobhanirad S, Naserian AA: Effects of high dietary zinc concentration and zinc sources on hematology and biochemistry of blood serum in Holstein dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 177, 242-246, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.06.007

10. Narasimhaiah M, Arunachalam A, Sellappan S, Mayasula V, Guvvala PR, Ghosh SK, Chandra V, Ghosh J, Kumar H: Organic zinc and copper supplementation on antioxidant protective mechanism and their correlation with sperm functional characteristics in goats. Reprod Domest Anim, 53, 644-654, 2018. DOI: 10.1111/rda.13154

11. Spears JW: Zinc methionine for ruminants: Relative bioavailability of zinc in lambs and effects of growth and performance of growing heifers. J Anim Sci, 67, 835-843, 1989. DOI: 10.2527/jas1989.673835x

12. Spears JW, Harvey RW, Brown TT: Effects of zinc methionine and zinc oxide on performance, blood characteristics, and antibody titer response to viral vaccination in stressed feeder calves. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 199, 1731-1733, 1991

13. Swain PS, Rao SBN, Rajendran D, Dominic G, Selvaraju S: Nano zinc, an alternative to conventional zinc as animal feed supplement: A review. Anim Nutr, 2, 134-141, 2016. DOI:10.1016/j.aninu.2016.06.003

14. Berrie RA, Hallford DM, Galyean ML: Effects of zinc source and level on performance and metabolic hormone concentrations of growing and finishing lambs. Prof Anim Scientist, 11, 149-156, 1995. DOI: 10.15232/ S1080-7446(15)32579-1

15. Fadayifar A, Aliarabi H, Tabatabaei MM, Zamani P, Bahari A, Malecki M, Dezfoulian AH: Improvement in lamb performance on barley based diet supplemented with zinc. Livest Sci, 144, 285-289, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j. livsci.2011.12.002

16. Garg AK, Mudgal V, Dass RS: Effect of organic zinc supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization and mineral profile in lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 144, 82-96, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.10.003

17. Mattioli GA, Rosa DE, Turic E, Testa JA, Lizarraga RM, Fazzio LE: Effect of injectable copper and zinc supplementation on weight, hematological parameters, and immune response in pre-weaning beef calves. Biol Trace Elem Res, 189, 456-462, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018- 1493-9

18. Alimohamady R, Aliarabi H, Bruckmaier RM, Christensen RG: Effect of different sources of supplemental zinc on performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant enzyme activities in lambs. Biol Trace Elem Res, 189, 75-84, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1448-1

19. Salama AA, Caja G, Albanell E, Such X, Casals R, Plaixats J: Effects of dietary supplements of zinc-methionine on milk production, udder health and zinc metabolism in dairy goats. J Dairy Res, 70, 9-17, 2003. DOI: 10.1017/s0022029902005708

20. Liu HY, Sun MH, Yang GQ, Jia CL, Zhang M, Zhu YJ, Zhang Y: Influence of different dietary zinc levels on cashmere growth, serum testosterone level and zinc status in male Liaoning Cashmere goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 99, 880-886, 2015. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12292

21. Mandal GP, Dass RS, Isore DP, Garg AK, Ram GC: Effect of zinc supplementation from two sources on growth, nutrient utilization and immune response in male crossbred cattle (Bos indicus×Bos taurus) bulls. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 138, 1-12, 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2006.09.014

22. Chandra G, Aggarwal A, Kumar M, Singh AK: Effect of zinc and vitamin E supplementation on hormones and blood biochemicals in peri-partum Sahiwal cows. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 50, 489-497, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.02.015

23. Solaiman SG, Min BR: The effect of high levels of dietary zinc on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, immune response and tissue minerals in growing Boer-cross goat kids. Small Ruminant Res,177, 167-174,2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.05.018

24. Derouiche S, Kechrid Z: Zinc supplementation overcomes effects of copper on zinc status, carbohydrate metabolism and some enzyme activities in diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Can J Diabetes, 40, 342-347, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.02.005

25. Bicalho MLS, Lima FS, Ganda EK, Foditsch C, Meira EBS, Machado VS, Teixeira AVG, Oikonomou G, Gilbert RO, Bicalho RC: Effect of trace mineral supplementation on selected minerals, energy metabolites, oxidative stress, and immune parameters and its association with uterine diseases in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 97, 4281-4295, 2014. DOI: 10.3168/ jds.2013-7832

26. Jackson MA, Readman RJ, Huntington JA, Sinclair LA: The effects of processing at harvest and cutting height of urea-treated whole-crop wheat on performance and digestibility in dairy cows. Anim Sci, 78, 467- 476, 2004. DOI: 10.1017/S1357729800058860

27. Niu X, Yang W, Huang L, Zhang C, Feng X, Sun J: Effects of different zinc sources and levels on serum enzyme activities, tissue and organ zinc accumulations of growing-finishing pigs. Chin J Anim Nutr, 30, 910-917, 2018. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.03.014

28. Mandal GP, Dass RS, Garg AK, Varshney VP, Mondal AB: Effect of zinc supplementation from inorganic and organic sources on growth and blood biochemical profile in crossbred calves. J Anim Feed Sci, 17, 147- 156, 2008.

29. Parnian Khajehdizaj F, Taghizadeh A, Baghbanzadeh Nobari B: Effect of feeding microwave irradiated sorghum grain on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation and serum metabolites in sheep. Livest Sci, 167, 161-170, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.06.004

30. Kenny DA, Humpherson PG, Leese HJ, Morris DG, Tomos AD, Diskin MG, Sreenan JM: Effect of elevated systemic concentrations of ammonia and urea on the metabolite and ionic composition of oviductal fluid in cattle. Biol Reprod, 66, 1797-1804, 2002. DOI: 10.1095/ biolreprod66.6.1797

31. El-Hack MEA, Alagawany M, Salah AS, Abdel-Latif MA, Farghly MFA: Effects of dietary supplementation of zinc oxide and zinc methionine on layer performance, egg quality, and blood serum indices. Biol Trace Elem Res, 184, 456-462, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1190-0

32. Váradyová Z, Mravčáková D, Holodová M, Grešáková L, Pisarčíková J, Barszcz M, Taciak M, Tuśnio A, Kišidayová S, Čobanová K: Modulation of ruminal and intestinal fermentation by medicinal plants and zinc from different sources. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 102, 1131-1145, 2018. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12940

33. Pal DT, Gowda NKS, Prasad CS, Amarnath R, Bharadwaj U, Babu GS, Sampath KT: Effect of copper- and zinc-methionine supplementation on bioavailability, mineral status and tissue concentrations of copper and zinc in ewes. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 24, 89-94, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j. jtemb.2009.11.007