Serhat AL, Nurhan ERTAŞ ONMAZ, Mukaddes BAREL, Yeliz YILDIRIM, ZAFER GÖNÜLALAN

A Molecular Investigation of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and blaKPC, blaNDM and blaOXA-48 Genes in Raw Milk

The success of antibiotic treatment has been negatively affected due to developing and spreading antimicrobial resistance all over the world. The present study was carried out to reveal the presence of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae and blaKPC, blaNDM and blaOXA-48 genes responsible for carbapenem resistance in raw milk and to contribute to transmission dynamics and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem resistance, as well as the potential public health risks of milk. In Turkey, there is not sufficient data on the presence and the potential risks posed by carbapenem resistance in animal origin foods. A total of different 427 raw milk samples were collected and subjected to phenotypic microbiological analysis and conventional and Sybergreen real-time PCR targeting blaKPC, blaNDM and blaOXA-48 genes. In the phenotypic analyses, suspicious isolates were identified by Vitek-2 compact system and antibiotic resistance profiles were revealed. Two Stenotrophomonas maltophilia inherently resistant to carbapenems were detected in raw milk samples. Acquired carbapenem resistance and related genes were not found in any of the milk samples. The present study revealed that milk is not epidemiologically involved in the transmission of carbapenem resistance. In order to prevent the environmental distribution of antibiotic resistant microorganisms, control of antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine should be maintained.

Çiğ Sütlerde Karbapenem Dirençli Enterobacteriaceae ve blaKPC, blaNDM ve blaOXA-48 Gen Varlığının Moleküler Olarak İncelenmesi

Uygulanan antibiyotik tedavileri, antimikrobiyel dirençliliğin dünya genelinde şekillenmesi ve yayılım göstermesi nedeniyle olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışma, potansiyel halk sağlığı risklerinin ortaya konması yanısıra, çiğ sütteki karbapenem dirençli Enterobacteriaceae ve karbapenem dirençliliğinden sorumlu blaKPC, blaNDM ve blaOXA-48 genlerinin varlığını ortaya koymak ve karbapenem direncinin taşınma dinamikleri ve moleküler epidemiyolojisine katkıda bulunmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Türkiye’de hayvansal gıdalarda karbapenem dirençliliğin varlığı ve sebep olduğu potansiyel riskler hakkında yeterli veri bulunmamaktadır. Toplanan toplam 427 farklı çiğ süt örneği fenotipik mikrobiyolojik analizlere tabi tutuldu ve blaKPC, blaNDM ve blaOXA-48 genlerini hedef alan konvansiyonel ve Sybergreen real-time PCR işlemleri gerçekleştirildi. Fenotipik analizler sonucunda şüpheli izolatlar VITEK-2 kompakt sistem ile tanımlandı ve antibiyotik dirençlilik profilleri ortaya kondu. Çiğ süt örneklerinde karbapenem grubu antibiyotiklere doğal dirençli iki Stenotrophomonas maltophilia tespit edildi. İncelenen hiçbir süt örneğinde kazanılmış karbapenem direnci ve ilişkili genler tespit edilmedi. Bu çalışma, epidemiyolojik olarak sütün karbapenem dirençliliği dağılımında rol almadığını göstermektedir. Antibiyotiğe dirençli mikroorganizmaların çevresel dağılımını önlemek için, insan ve veteriner hekimlikte kullanılan antibiyotiklerin kontrolüne devam edilmelidir.

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