Phillips Kofi Atsu LARNYO, Nathaniel GLOVER MENİ

Ewe'de eşgöndergesel ve işteş yapılarla ilgili nedensellik

Bu makale, Ewe'de eşgöndergesel ve işteş yapılarla ile ilgili nedenselliği, nasıl tasarlandığını ve ifade edildiğini incelemektedir. Bu malake belirli bir ettirgen yapı türü olan, ettirenin sebep olan etmen ile eşgöndergesel ilişki içinde olduğu dolaylı ettirgen yapı ile ilgilidir. Ettiren ve sebep olan etmenin aynı kişiyi kastettiği durum budur. Ewe'deki bu nedensel fenomenin daha yeterli bir açıklaması için, bu çalışmada, metinsel ve içsel olmak üzere iki tür dilsel veri kullanılmıştır. Metinsel veriler, popüler hikaye kitapları ve folklorun tanımları, gelenek ve görenekleri, sözde edebi eserleri ve Gana Dilleri Bürosu tarafından yayınlanan anlatıları içeren didaktik materyallerden oluşmaktadır. Ettirgen yapının tüm örnekleri, analizlerde doğru bir yorumlamaya izin verecek şekilde çevreleyen bağlamların dikkatlice göz önünde bulundurulmasıyla çıkarılmıştır. Bu yazı, tıpkı İngilizce ve diğer dillerin yaptığı gibi, Ewe'de üç kat eşgönderimliliği ifade etmenin mümkün olduğunu; burada ettiren, sebep olan etmen ve etkilenen ile eşgöndergesel ilişki içinde olduğunu göstermektedir. Sadece hem konu hem de nesne ile aynı anlamsal katılımcı türlerini alabilen fiillerin refleksleştirilip karşılıklılaştırılabildiği de belirlenebilir; başka, prototipik anlamsal geçişli fiiller sadece mecazi olarak yeniden yansıtılabilir.

Causality related to coreferential and reciprocal structures in Ewe

This paper examines how causality is related to coreferential and reciprocal structures, looking at how they areconceived and expressed in Ewe. It deals with one particular type of causative constructions, namely theperiphrastic causative construction, where the CAUSER is coreferential with the CAUSEE. This is the case wherethe CAUSER and the CAUSEE refer to one and the same person. For a more adequate description of this causativephenomenon in Ewe, two types of linguistic data are employed in this paper: textual and introspective. The textualdata are composed of didactic materials which include popular story books and descriptions of folklore, customsand traditions, pseudo-literary plays and narratives published by the Bureau of Ghana Languages. All instances ofthe causative situation were extracted, with a careful consideration of the surrounding contexts so as to allow fora correct interpretation in the analyses (as context is often crucial for a correct semantic analysis and interpretationof causative forms). This paper identifies that just as English and other languages do, it is possible to expressthreefold coreferentiality in Ewe; where the causer is coreferential with the causee and the patient. It can also beidentified that only verbs that can take the same semantic participant types as both subject and object can bereflexivized and reciprocalized; else, prototypical semantically-transitive verbs can be reflexivized onlymetaphorically.

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