Osmanlı Döneminde Kudüs'te Zaviyelerin Yayılması ve Gelişmesinde Vakıfların Rolü

The Role of Waqf in the spread and prosperity of the Al-Zawaya in Jerusalem during the Ottoman period

One of the main issues that attracted the attention of researchers in Islamic thought is the problem of Awqaf which has obtained the attention of many of the caliphs, sultans and Muslim rulers, which has also been reflected on modern and contemporary history. On the other hand, research and study in the educational aspect of the role of Awqaf (endowments) in the revival and development of Sufi institutions in Bayt al-Maqdis is in itself a filed in need for further study, research and investigation. This study attempts to show the great role played by Awqaf in the sustainability of the activity of any institution which has Waqf that it can rely on. It also explains how these Awqaf are managed and the meticulousness in its administrative structure and the diversity of jobs and employees, as well as the accuracy in the selection of employees from the Jerusalemite families who are known in the city and have a long history of working in the administration of Awqaf. Also how the endowers were competing to endow Awqaf to provide prominent service for people of knowledge and religion. It also found that in the absence of these endowments the continuity and sustainability of the work of these organisations would not be long-lasting and how they have contributed significantly to the spread of educational and Sufi activities in Jerusalem, which the Ottoman state supports and sponsors in its dominion. This in turn led to the spread of many Sufi movements in Al-Quds al-Sharif and many establishments served the Sufis who came from all over the Muslim World to gain the knowledge from scholars. Which led to the prosperity of the large number of endowments which supported them and have become a housing for devotees to follow the Sufi movements around the world and this in turn led to the enhancement of a human character of Muslims as well as the characteristics of tolerance which is confirmed by the Islamic religion. The Zawiyah thus became one of the most important centres for knowledge and Sufism in Bayt al-Maqdis, where devotees would come from numerous countries such as North Africa and India to study numerous sciences and memorise the Quran as well as for seclusion. The study acquired its data through reviewing, investigating and analysing the records of the al-Quds Islamic court archives during the Ottoman period, which contains important information which was the main source for the study as well comparing it with other references that dealt with this subject.

Keywords:

Zawiyah, al-Quds, Ottoman Authorities, Awqaf Sufism,

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