The Case of Being a Teacher at Science and Art Centers: A Phenomenological Quantitative Research

Araştırmanın amacı “Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinde öğretmen olma” olgusunu incelemektir. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından fenomenolojik desende tasarlanan araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim yılında Türkiye’nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesindeki üç farklı şehrinde bulunan Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinden seçilen 13 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma grubunun seçiminde, fenomenolojik araştırmalarda kullanılan amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verileri toplamak amacıyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Görüşme formunun ön uygu­laması Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinde görev yapan üç öğretmen ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşme formunda, ön uygulama sonuçları ve uzman kişilerin görüşleri doğrultusunda gerekli düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Çalışma grubundaki öğretmenlerle derinlemesine mülakatlarda bulunulmuştur. Araştırma verileri, içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada öğretmenlerin Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerine öğretmen seçimine ilişkin 2007’deki sistemi değerlendirme kriterleri ve geçerliliği itibariyle daha iyi buldukları, 2015’deki sistemi ise subjektif değerlendirme kriterleri içermesi nedeniyle benimseyemedikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Öğretmenlerin, yaparak yaşayarak öğrenme, proje temelli öğrenme, gezi-gözlem, aktif öğrenme ve probleme dayalı öğrenme kapsamında öğretimsel faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirdikleri belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenlerin, Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinde öğretmen olmayı, kişisel/mesleki gelişime ve mesleki doyuma katkı sağlaması, öğrenme-öğretme motivasyonunu artırması, prestijli olması, özgür öğrenme-öğretme ortamının bulunması yönleriyle olumlu olarak nitelendirdikleri görülmüştür. Öğretmenler, mesainin uzun olmasını, ek derslerin tamamlanamamasını Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinde öğretmen olmanın olumsuz yönleri olarak nitelendirdikleri görülmüştür. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin öğrencilerle etkili iletişim içerisinde oldukları, velilerle kurulan iletişimlerinin ise yetersiz olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları doğrultusunda Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerine öğretmen seçimi, objektif olarak yapılmalıdır, öğretmenlerin velilerle olan işbirliğini ve etkileşimini güçlendirecek çalışmalar yapılmalıdır gibi önerilerde bulunulmuştur.  

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