A novel strategy for plant protection: Induced resistance

Birçok bitki koruma metodu günümüzde toksik kimyasalların patojen veya böcek koruma amacı ile çevreye uygulanmasıdır. Ancak bunlara alternatif olarak direnç arttınmı ile bitki koruma yapılmakta ve yaygın olmayan ekolojik bir uygulama olarak doğal savunma sağlanmaktadır. Direnç arttınmı veya teşvik edilmesi; bitkilerin değişik patojenlere karşı savunma mekanizmalarında ekspresyonlarını arttırılması olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu patojenler, hipesensitif nekroz reaksiyonları, avirulent veya güçlenmiş patolojik suşlar olabilir. Gecikmiş genetik bilginin bitkilerde ekspresyonunun antması ile genomik değişiklikler altında olmadan (mutasyon, yabancı genin integrasyonu) biyolojik güvenliği arttırmaktadır. Arttırılmış direncin moleküler temeli, reseptör ve kimyasallar arasındaki etkileşimleri, sinyal iletim yolları ve SAR gen ekspresyonu bu derleme yazısmda tartışılmaktadır.

Bitki korumada yapay strateji: Direncin arttırımı

Most plant protection methods currently applied use toxic chemicals noxious to the environment for pathogen and pest control. Induced resistance exploiting natural defense machinery of plants could be proposed as an alternative, non-conventional and ecologically-friendly approach for plant protection. Its introduction into agricultural practice couldv minimize the scope of chemical control, thus contributing to the development of sustainable agriculture. Induced resistance can be defined as an increased expression of natural defence mechanisms of plants against various type of pathogens, provoked by a range of factors: pathogens causing hypersensitive necrotic reaction; avirulent or attenuated pathogenic strains; elicitors of pathogenic origin (glucans, proteins, lipids, etc.); abiotic elicitors, including synthetic harmless chemical products, such as 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA), b-aminobutyric acid (BABA), benzothiadiazole (BTH), etc. Induced resistance, being based on the expression of latent genetic information present in plants, is not underlied by genome alterations (mutations, introgression of foreign genetic material), this enhancing its biological safety. Molecular bases of induced resistance, involving receptor-elicitor interactions, signal transducing-pathways and SAR gene expression, are discussed.

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