A general view: Structure and function of the subinits of E. coli RNA polymerase

DNA-bağımlı RNA polimerazlar doğada yaygın olarak bulunurlar. En iyi karakterize edilen polimerazlardan biri olan E. coli RNA polimeraz iki ana yapıdan oluşur, $α_2ββ$ ' stokiyometrisi ile çekirdek enzim ve çekirdek enzime σ alt biriminin eklenmesi ile oluşan holoenzim. E. coliRNA polimeraz transkripsiyonda önemli bir rol oynar. Çekirdek enzim transkripsiyonun uzaması ve sonlanmasını katalizlerken, transkripsiyonun başlaması için çekirdek enzime σ alt biriminin eklenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çok altbirimli enzimin üç boyutlu yapısı el ayasına benzer bir yapı gösterir. Elektron mikroskobu kullanarak Tichelar ve Heel (1990)’in önerdikleri modele göre β ve β' alt birimleri birlikte V şeklinde yapı oluşturmakta ve α dimeri kısa uçlarla birleşmektedir, σ ise çekirdeğin konkav kısmında dimere komşu olarak yer almaktadır. Bu derlemede çeşitli araştırmalar ve derlemeler baz alınarak E. coliDNA-bağımlı RNA polimerazın alt birimlerinin yapıları ve fonksiyonları sunulmuştur. E. coli RNA polimerazın üzerinde yapılan biyokimyasal ve genetik incelemelere dayanılarak alt birimleri üzerinde genetik bir yürüyüş özetlenmiştir.

Genel bakış: E. coli RNA polimerazın alt birimlerinin yapıları ve fonksiyonları

The DNA-dependent RNA polymerases are widespread throughout nature. E. coli RNA polymerase, one of the most well characterized polymerase, consists of two major forms, core enzyme with subunit stoichiometry of α2ββ' and holoenzyme which contains an additional σ subunit to core enzyme. E. coli RNA polymerase plays a central role in transcription. While the core enzyme catalyses the elongation and termination of transcription, to initiate core enzyme needs to combine with σ subunit. The three dimensional structure of this multimeric enzyme revealed a thumb-like projection. Using the electron microscope, Tichelar and Heel (1990) proposed a model that is in agreement with both β and β' together constituting a V-like structure and α dimer associates at the short ends, while σ is positioned within the concave side of the core, next to the dimer. In this review, the structure and related functions of the subunits of E. coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase is presented based on several researches and reviews. Considering biochemical and genetic studies on the RNA polymerase of E. coli, a genetic walk on the subunits is summarized.

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