GLİSERİN ETERLERİNİN İKİNCİ NESİL BİYOYAKIT OLARAK DİZEL MOTORDA KULLANIMININ ARAŞTIRILMASI

Son yıllarda, büyük oranda petrol esaslı yakıtlar ile çalışan içten yanmalı motorlarda ikinci nesil biyoyakıtların kullanımına duyulan ilgi artmıştır. Bu çalışmada, biyodizel yan ürünü olan gliserinin katalitik dönüşümü ile üretilen gliserin eterlerinin dizel motorda ikinci nesil biyoyakıt olarak kullanımı deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Gliserinin tert-bütanol ile eterifikasyonu sonucunda sentezlenen gliserin eterleri karışımı, %2 ve %5 hacimsel oranda dizel-biyodizel yakıt karışımı ile harmanlanmıştır. Dizel yakıtı ve %20 oranında biyodizel içeren dizel-biyodizel yakıt karışımı referans yakıt olarak kullanılmıştır. Test yakıtlarının önemli fiziksel yakıt özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Yakıta gliserin eterleri ilavesinin yakıtın viskozite, yoğunluk, ısıl değer, setan indisi ve destilasyon sıcaklıklarını düşürdüğü belirlenmiştir. Gliserin eterlerinin ilavesi ile dizel-biyodizel yakıt karışımının kinematik viskozitesinin %10-14 oranında azaldığı ve yakıtın destilasyon karakteristiğinin iyileştiği görülmüştür. Gerçekleştirilen motor deneyleri ile test yakıtlarının motorun performans, yanma karakteristikleri ve egzoz emisyonuna etkileri araştırılmıştır. Gliserin eterlerinin motorun özgül yakıt tüketimini ve HC emisyonlarını artırdığı; motorun termal verimini, CO, CO2, NOX ve is (duman koyuluğu) emisyonlarını azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Gliserin eterlerin en dikkat çekici etkisi NOX ve HC emisyonlarında görülmüştür. Gliserin eterleri NOX emisyonlarında yaklaşık %35-77 oranında önemli düşüşler sağlamış fakat aynı çalışma koşulları altında HC emisyonlarında yaklaşık %37-142 oranında bir artışa neden olmuştur. Yanma karakteristikleri açısından %2 oranında gliserin eterleri içeren yakıt karışımı, diğer test yakıtlarına göre daha iyi performans sergilemiştir. Tüm bulgular değerlendirildiğinde gliserin eterlerinin hacimsel %2 oranında dizel-biyodizel yakıt karışımı ile harmanlanması durumunda ikinci nesil biyoyakıt olarak dizel motorlarda kullanımının uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İkinci nesil biyoyakıt, Gliserin eterleri, Biyodizel, Dizel motor, Emisyon, Yanma

INVESTIGATION OF THE USABILITY OF GLYCEROL ETHERS AS SECOND-GENERATION BIOFUEL IN DIESEL ENGINE

The interest in the use of second-generation biofuels in internal combustion engines which are still largely running with petroleum fuels has been increasing in recent years. In this study, the utilization of glycerol ethers produced by the catalytic conversion of biodiesel-originated glycerol as a second-generation biofuel in a diesel engine was experimentally investigated. The glycerol ethers mixture which was synthesized by the etherification of glycerol with tert- butyl alcohol was blended with the blend of diesel-biodiesel by 2% (v/v) and 5% (v/v). Neat diesel and a diesel-biodiesel fuel blend that contains 80% (v/v) diesel fuel and 20% (v/v) canola oil biodiesel were chosen as reference fuels. The important physical fuel properties of test fuels were determined. It was ascertained that the addition of glycerol ethers to the diesel-biodiesel mixture reduces fuel's viscosity, density, lower heating value, cetane index, and distillation temperatures. It was determined that glycerol ethers decreased the diesel-biodiesel fuel blend’s kinematic viscosity by 10-14% and improved the distillation characteristics. The impacts of test fuels on the engine’s performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust emission were scrutinized by carried out the engine tests. It was seen that glycerol ethers increase the specific fuel consumption and HC emission while reducing thermal efficiency, CO, CO2, NOX, and soot (smoke opacity) emission. The most appealing impact of glycerol ethers was witnessed to NOx and HC emissions. Glycerol ethers promoted significant reductions in NOX emissions by approximately 35-77%, however, under the same operating conditions, an increase in HC emissions by approximately 37-142% was observed. In terms of combustion characteristics, the fuel mixture containing 2% (v/v) glycerol ethers performed better than other test fuels. Based on experimental results it was concluded that the glycerol ethers mixture is suitable for use as a second-generation biofuel by 2% (v/v) blending ratio with diesel-biodiesel blend in diesel engines

Keywords:

Second-generation biofuels, Glycerol ethers, Biodiesel, Diesel engine, Emissions, Combustion,

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