Neoklasik Makro Göç Kuramı Çerçevesinde Uluslararası Göç: En Çok Göç Alan Ülkeler Üzerine Bir Analiz

Uluslararası göç teorileri genel anlamda geliştirilen ilk teoriden itibaren emek göçü üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu teorilere göre göçmen akışı ekonomik sistem içinde bir emek arzı oluşturmaktadır. Oluşan bu emek arzı emek talebini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Göç teorileri ülkeler arasındaki ücret düzeyi farklılıkları, gelir farklılıkları, istihdam imkanları göçü harekete geçiren önemli unsurlar üzerinde durmaktadır. Ülkeler arasındaki ekonomik farklılıklardan hareketle bu çalışma Uluslararası Göç Enstitüsüne göre en çok göç alan ülkelerin göç alma faktörlerini Neo-klasik Makro Göç Teorisi çerçevesinde ele almaktadır. Çalışma 1990-2017 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Heterojen panel nedensellik testi olan Dumitrescu-Hurlin nedensellik testinden faydalanılmıştır. Uygulama sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre göçün, kişi başı GSYİH, istihdam oranları ve ortalama yıllık ücret ile arasında çift yönlü bir nedenselliğin varlığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Uluslararası Göç, Neoklasik Makro Göç Teorisi, Beklenen Gelir, Ortalama Yıllık Ücret, Dumitreschu-Hurlin Nedensellik Test, Panel Veri Model

International Migration in the Framework of Neoclassical Macro Migration Theory: An Analysis of the Countries Receiving the Most Immigration

International migration theories generally focus on labor migration from the first theory developed. According to these theories, the flow of immigrants creates a labor supply within the economic system. This labor supply brings along the demand for labor. Migration theories focus on the differences in wage levels, income differences, employment opportunities among the countries that are important factors that motivate migration. Based on the economic differences between the countries, this study deals with the immigration factors of the countries that receive the most immigration according to the International Migration Institute within the framework of the Neo-classical Macro Migration Theory. The study includes annual data for the period 1990-2017. Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test, which is a heterogeneous panel causality test, was used. According to the findings obtained as a result of the application, it has been determined that there is a bidirectional causality between migration, GDP per capita, employment rates and average annual wage.

Keywords:

International migration, neoclassical macro migration theory, expected income, average annual wage, Dumitreschu-Hurlin Causality Test, panel data models,

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