Elektrikli Araçlarda Hava Giriş Konumu ve Hızının Batarya Soğutma Performansına Etkisinin Araştırılması

Bu çalışmada, hava giriş konumu ve hızının, hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği (HAD) simülasyonları kullanılarak elektrikli araçlarda (EA'lar) nikel-metal hidrür (Ni-MH) batarya paketinin soğutma performansı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. EA'lara olan talebin artması, araçların güvenliğini sağlamak için gelişmiş batarya soğutma performansına ihtiyaç duyulmasına neden olmuştur. Ni-MH batarya takımının soğutma performansı, batarya takımının 0 ila 60 mm arasında değişen giriş konumları ve sabit çıkış konumu ile hem U hem de Z kanalı geometrilerinde analiz edilmiştir. Hava giriş hızları 2 ila 6 m/s arasında değişmektedir. Sonuçlar, hava giriş konumu arttıkça sıcaklık değerlerinin düştüğünü, ancak 30 mm'lik giriş konumundan sonra düşüşün önemsiz hale geldiğini göstermektedir. Bu, hava akışını batarya takımını tamamen dolaştırmaya ve ısı transfer hızını artırmaya yönlendirmenin, hızı artırmaktan daha etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. En iyi soğutma performansının sırasıyla 316,86-327,75 K ve 316,27-317,46 K sıcaklık değerleri ile hem U hem de Z tipi kanallar için, 30 ve 60 mm giriş konumunda ve 6 m/s hızında olduğu bulunmuştur. Ek olarak, Z-tipi kanalın U-tipi kanaldan yaklaşık %6 daha fazla ısıyı dağıttığı görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları, EA’larda batarya ısıl yönetim sistemlerinin (BIYS) enerji verimliliğini artırmak için kullanılabilir. Havayı daha düşük hızlarda yönlendirerek, soğutma sisteminin enerji tüketimi azaltılabilir ve gerekli soğutma performansı korunabilir. Bu, sonuçta EA'ların menzilinin artmasına ve performansının gelişmesine yol açacaktır. Ek olarak, çalışma aynı zamanda EA’larda soğutma performansını optimize etmek ve araçların genel enerji verimliliğini artırmak için kullanılabilecek batarya paketi düzeninin tasarımı hakkında da fikir vermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Batarya ısıl yönetim, elektrikli araç, HAD, soğutma performansı

Investigation of the Effect of Air Inlet Position and Velocity on Battery Cooling Performance in Electric Vehicles

This study examines the effect of air inlet location and velocity on the cooling performance of a nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery pack in electric vehicles (EVs) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The increasing demand for EVs has led to a need for improved battery cooling performance in order to ensure the safety of the vehicles. The cooling performance of the Ni-MH battery pack was analyzed in both U- and Z-channel geometries, with varying input positions of the battery pack from 0 to 60 mm and constant output positions. The air intake velocities were also varied between 2 and 6 m/s. The results show that as the air intake position increases, the temperature values decrease, but the decrease becomes insignificant after the 30 mm position. This suggests that directing the air flow to fully circulate the battery pack and increase the heat transfer rate is more effective than increasing the velocity. The best cooling performance was found to be at 30- and 60-mm inlet position and 6 m/s velocity for both U- and Z-type channels, with temperature values of 316.86-327.75 K and 316.27-317.46 K respectively. Additionally, the Z-type channel was found to dissipate approximately 6% more heat than the U-type channel. The study's results can be used to improve the energy efficiency of battery thermal management systems (BTMS) in EVs. By directing the air at lower velocities, the energy consumption of the cooling system can be reduced while still maintaining the required cooling performance. This will ultimately lead to the extended range and improved performance of EVs. Additionally, the study also provides insight into the design of the battery pack layout in EVs, which can be used to optimize the cooling performance and improve the overall energy efficiency of the vehicles.

Keywords:

Battery thermal management, Electric vehicles, CFD, Cooling performance.,

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