Yerel Elektrik Santral Büyüklüğünün ve Konumunun Dağıtım Şebekesine Etkisi

Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının artırılması için alınan kararlar ve teşvikler ile dağıtım sistemindeki yerel elektrik santraller (YES) artmaktadır. Artan YES’lerden daha çok faydalanmak için enerji depolama sistemlerinin kullanılması kaçınılmaz hale gelmektedir. Ancak yüksek yatırım maliyetleri nedeniyle enerji depolama sistemleri kurulumundaki gecikmeye rağmen YES’ler artmaya devam etmektedir. Dağıtım sistemi planlayıcıları, YES’in olumlu etkisinin hangi büyüklükten sonra dağıtım sistemini olumsuz etkilemeye başlayacağını kestiremediğinden dolayı dağıtım sistemine belli oranda YES yerleştirirler. Bu da sisteminde daha büyük oranlarda YES barındırmayı engeller. Bu çalışmada; enerji depolama sistemi olmadan, dağıtım sisteminin mevcut durumunu koruyarak veya iyileştirerek ne kadar YES yerleştirilebileceği araştırılmaktadır. YES'in dağıtım sistemindeki güç kayıplarını ve bara gerilimlerini nasıl etkilediği incelenmektedir. Bu incelemede dağıtım sisteminin mevcut aktif güç kaybını koruyan ve aktif güç kaybını azaltan iki farklı YES büyüklüğü elde edilir. Ayrıca, dağıtım sisteminin mevcut gerilim profilini koruyan ve gerilim profilini iyileştiren iki farklı YES büyüklüğü daha elde edilir. Başka bir deyişle, aktif güç kaybı ve gerilim profili için maksimum ve optimal YES büyüklükleri elde edilmekte ve tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile YES’in dağıtım sistemi üzerindeki olumlu etkisinin; YES büyüklüğüne, konumuna ve dağıtım sistemi yapısına göre değiştiğini gösterilmektedir. Dağıtım sistemi planlayıcılarına, dağıtım sistemine göre maksimum YES kapasitesi belirlenebileceği fikri sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dağıtım sistemi, Yerel elektrik santrali, Güç kayıpları, Gerilim profili, Uygun büyüklük, Azami büyüklük

Examining The Impact of Distributed Generation Size and Location on The Distribution Network

Decisions and incentives regarding renewable energy resources increase the number of distributed generation (DG) in the distribution system. It is inevitable to use energy storage systems in order to benefit more from them. However, the installation of energy storage systems is delayed due to high invesment costs. Distribution system planners replace a certain DG capacity in the distribution system to avoid negative effects on the distribution system. This prevents having enough DG in the distribution system. In this study, it is investigated how much DG can be located by maintaining or improving the current state of the distribution system without any energy storage system. For two different purposes which preserves the existing active power loss of the distribution system and reduces the active power loss, DG sizes are obtained. In addition to these, for two different purposes which preserves the existing voltage profile of the distribution system and improves the voltage profile, other DG sizes are obtained, It is examined how the obtained DG sizes affect power losses and busbar voltages of the distribution system. Then which of these objectives improves the distribution system, which negatively affects it, and which increases the YES hosting capacity is discussed. This study shows that the positive effect of DG on the distribution system changes according to its size, its location and the distribution system structure. It offers distribution system planners the notion that the maximum DG capacity for any distribution system may be established in accordance with the distribution system advantages.

Keywords:

Dağıtım sistemi, Yerel elektrik santrali, Güç kayıpları, Gerilim profili, Uygun büyüklük, Azami büyüklük,

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