Rabbâni Yahudiliğin Temellerini Oluşturan Hillel ve Şammay’ın Hayatı ve Ekolleri

Mabet yüzyıllar boyunca Yahudiliğin en temel unsuru olagelmiştir. Ancak M.S. 70 yılında II. Mabet’ in Titus tarafından yıkılması sonrasında, Mabet eksenli dini yaklaşım ve uygulamalar ortadan kalkmış ve Yahudi Kutsal Kitabı ile yorumları Yahudiliğin merkezine oturmuştur. Rabbâni Yahudilik olarak ifade edilen bu dini anlayışın temelini Tanah ve yorumu oluşturmaktadır. Hillel ve Şammay bu geçiş döneminde yaşamışlardır. Her ikisi de hayatları ve sonrasında kurucusu oldukları ekolleri vasıtasıyla Rabbâni Yahudiliğin ortaya çıkışı ve gelişimine önemli etki etmişlerdir. Kurucularının karakterlerinden izler taşıyan bu ekoller sosyolojik zeminleri, eğitim anlayışları, dini uygulamalar konusundaki tutumları başta olmak üzere pek çok açıdan birbirinden farklılık göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hillel, Şammay, Beyt Hillel, Beyt Şammay

The Life and Schools of Hillel and Shammai, the Founders of Rabbinic Judaism

The Temple has been the most basic element of Judaism for centuries. But after the destruction of the Second Temple at A.D. 70 by Titus, Temple-oriented religious approaches and practices have ceased to exist, and Tanah and its interpretations are at the center of Judaism. Tanah and its interpretation constitute the basis of this religious understanding expressed as the Rabbinic Judaism. Hillel and Shammai lived in this transition period. Both have had a significant impact on the emergence and development of Rabbinic Judaism through their lives and the schools which Hillel and Shammai were founders of these schools. These schools, which bear traces of the characters of their founders, differ from each other in many respects, especially their sociological grounds, educational approaches, attitudes towards religious practices. In this article, intended to better understanding of the religious structures of the time when Rabbinic Judaism emerged, by explaining the lifes of Hillel and Shammai and the basic features and opinions their schools.

Keywords:

Hillel Shammai, Beit Hillel, Beit Shammai, Rabbinic Judaism,

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