TÜRK HUKUKUNDA YÜKSEK YARGI KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA ZORUNLU ARABULUCULUK

Türk hukukunda 2017’de iş uyuşmazlıklarında, 2018 yılında ise ticarî uyuşmazlıklarda arabuluculuğa başvuru, dava açmadan önce zorunlu hale getirilmiştir. 2018 yılında aynı zamanda, Hukuk Uyuşmazlıklarında Arabuluculuk Kanunu’na eklenen 18/A maddesi ile zorunlu arabuluculuk hakkında genel bir düzenleme de yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu yeni kanunî düzenlemelerden sonra yüksek mahkeme kararlarına yansımış olan sorunlar ele alınmaktadır. Öncelikle kanun koyucu tarafından kullanılan “dava şartı olarak arabuluculuk” kavramının yerine “zorunlu arabuluculuk” kavramını neden tercih ettiğimiz açıklanmıştır. Kavram sorunundan sonra, yeni getirilen düzenlemelerin içeriği konusuna genel bir bakış yapılmıştır. Daha sonra Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin, iş uyuşmazlıklarında zorunlu arabuluculuk hükümlerinin anayasaya aykırılığı iddiası ile yapılan başvuruyu reddettiği kararı irdelenmiştir. Ardından da, itirazın iptali davası, menfi tespit davası, hem tüketici uyuşmazlığı hem de ticarî uyuşmazlık niteliğindeki davalar, davaların yığılması ve karşı dava bakımından arabuluculuğa başvurunun zorunlu olup olmadığı hakkında verilen Bölge Adliye Mahkemesi ve Yargıtay kararları işlenmiştir. Belirtilen yüksek mahkeme kararlarından yola çıkarak bu hususlarda zorunlu arabuluculuğa başvurunun mümkün olup olmaması hakkındaki kanaatlerimiz de belirtilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Zorunlu Arabuluculuk, Dava Şartı, İş Uyuşmazlıklarında ve Ticarî Uyuşmazlıklarda Arabuluculuk, Menfi Tespit Davası, İtirazın İptali Davası

MANDATORY MEDIATION IN THE LIGHT OF HIGH COURT DECISIONS IN TURKISH LAW

In Turkish Law, referral to mediation prior to bringing an action was made mandatory for labor disputes in 2017, for commercial disputes in 2018 and lastly, for consumer disputes in 2020. In 2018, with Article 18/A added to the Law on Mediation in Civil and Commercial Dispute, a general regulation was made regarding mandatory mediation. In this study, problems related to the decrees issued by the high court following the new legal regulations under question are addressed. To start, an explanation is provided of why we prefer the concept of “mandatory mediation” to that of the concept of “mediation as a cause of action”, the latter of which is the concept used by legislators. After addressing this issue of concept, an overview of the content of new regulations is provided, followed by an examination of the Constitutional Court’s decree on mandatory mediation in labor disputes in cases of rejection of application based on the allegation of contradiction of provisions for mandatory mediation in the constitution. In addition, the decrees of the Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation issued regarding whether referral to mediation is mandatory or not in terms of action for annulment of objection, negative declaratory action, actions having the quality of both consumer disputes and commercial disputes, concentration of actions, and counter-action were reviewed. Lastly, we offer opinions on whether referral to mandatory mediation on these matters is possible or not based on the issued high court decrees.

Keywords:

Mandatory Mediation, Cause of Action, Mediation in Labor Disputes and Commercial Disputes, Negative Declaratory Action, Action For Annulment of Objection,

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