Haber Değerlerini Sorgulamak: Anaakım Gazetelerde Engelli Haberleri

Haber değerinin ne olduğu, evrenselliği, ölçümü vd. gazetecilik çalışmalarında önemli bir alan oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, haber değerinin haberlere içkin olan, evrensel, değişmez bir özellik değil, gazetecilik alanının aktörleri tarafından (atfedilen) verilen, yerel özellikler de barındıran, tarihsel olarak değişen, dinamik bir özellik olduğunu varsayılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışma, anaakım gazetelerin haber değeri anlayışını temsil tercihlerine dayalı olarak ortaya koymak üzere, 2015 yılında, 3 Aralık Dünya Engelliler Günü’nde anaakım, ulusal, günlük, en çok satan ilk 15 gazetede yer alan reklam vb. dahil tüm öğelerin (437 sayfa, 728.072 cm²) nicel ve nitel analizine dayanmaktadır. Çalışmada cari haber değerlerinin özelliklerini sorgulamak üzere engelli haberleri ile anaakım gazetelerin bütün öğeleri nicel ve nitel verilerin bütüncül bir yaklaşımla karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre bu gazeteler, sayfalarının önemli bir kısmını reklama ayırdığından habere sınırlı yer ayırabilmektedir. Bu sınırlı alandaki haberlerin dağılımının temsil ve kamu yararı açısından sorunlu olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Araştırmanın bulguları en çok haber olmaları beklenen gün bile, engellilere temsil/haber değeri verilmediğini, 432 sayfanın haber değeri tartışmalı kişi ve konulara ayrıldığı, yaklaşık sadece 5’inin (yüzde 1) engellilerle ilgili haberlere ayrıldığını göstermiştir. Araştırmanın bir diğer sonucu bu 5 sayfada yer alan 39 haberin, engellilerin toplumun sıradan bir üyesi gibi ele alınmaması, engellilerin kurban, toplumdan yalıtık, tekil bireyler olarak sunulması, engellilerin sorunlarının (bazen başarılarının) sosyal boyutlar göz ardı edilerek kişiselleştirilmesi nedeniyle haber değeri açısından sorunlu olduğudur

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Haber, Haber Değeri, Engelliler, Temsil, Anaakım Gazeteler

Questioning News Values: Disabled Persons’ News in Mainstream Newspapers

Defining news values, universality of their characteristics or measurement etc. has always been an essential field for journalism studies. This article assumes that news values are not something universal, constant or inherent within news but historically changing, dynamic (universal but also local), have properties ascribed by actos of journalistic field. Within the framework of this assumption, it is based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of all elements (including column writings, adds etc.) of daily, mainstream, national, best selling 15 newspapers in Turkey (437 pages, 728.072 cm²) on December 3 International Day of Persons With Disability in 2015 to expose essential characteristics of news values. This article aims to question current characteristics of news values in mainstream newspapers by comparing all elements of newspapers with disabled persons’ news, using quantitative and qualitative data in a holistic approach. The findings demonstrate that these newspapers can give so limited place to news as most of pages are full of adds. The distribution of news in this limited space is problematic in terms of public interest and representation. Newspapers prefer to give place to people/subjects with debated news values (432 pages) instead of disabled persons (only 5 pages/one percent) even when they are expected to be the subject of the most news. Findings also show that content of these 39 news covered in 5 pages are also problematic according to “news values” as disabled persons are not seen as ordinary members of society, covered as victims, isolated, singular and their problems (sometimes their success) are presented as personal without all their social dimensions.

Keywords:

News, News Value, Persons With Disability, Representation, Mainstream Newspapers,

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