Amerikan Gazetecilik Filmlerinde Anlatı Yapısı, Dönemsel Yansımalar ve Özgür Basın Miti

Amerikan sinemasında 1930’lardan bu yana gazeteci karakterlerine sıklıklarastlanılırken, bu filmlerle bir yandan özgür basın miti kurulmakta, ayrıca basının iktidarve toplumla sıkı sıkıya ilişkisi nedeniyle filmler aracılığıyla toplumsal ve siyasal söylemlerinşa edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sinemada son dönemde inşa edilen özgür basın, Amerikandemokrasisi mitleriyle filmlerin dönemlerine dair içgörüleri ve öngörülerini teşhis edebilmekaçısından 2010’dan sonra gösterime giren Spotlight, Truth ve Nightcrawler filmleri incelendi.Spotlight kahramanın zaferi, Truth kahramanın yenilgisi, Nightcrawler ise kötü adamınyükselmesi üzerine kurulu olduğundan Shock’un Birleşik Anlatı Teorisi temel alındı. Buteoride filmlerde farklı sonlarla toplumsal değerlerin pekiştirildiği veya aksine değişimlerinönerildiği belirtilirken, filmlerin bu yöndeki söylemlerini belirleyebilmek açısından daKellner’in teşhise yönelik eleştirisinden yararlanıldı. Bunların sonucunda, filmlerin farklıanlatı yapılarıyla basına ve dönemlerine dair belirli sorgulamalar ve eleştiriler getirdiği,öngörüler sunduğu, dönemlerinin siyasi liderlerinden etkilenebildikleri (Barack Obama)veya gelecek yeni lideri (Donald Trump) karakter yaratımında öngörebildikleri tespit edildi.Farklı anlatı yapılarına rağmen filmlerin hepsinde özgür basın miti inşa edilirken, mitinözellikle basının hakikatı arama ilkesi ve bağımsızlık temelinde yüceltildiği, bu mitlerin deAmerikan demokrasisi mitine hizmet ettiği görüldü.

Narratives, Politics and Myths in American Journalism Movies

While cinema depicts journalist since the 1930s, films on journalism establish and reinforce the free press myth, and also reflect tendencies of their society in its discourse. In this perspective, we have chosen Spotlight since its protagonists have a victory; Truth due to its heroine has a defeat; and Nightcrawler, in which the villain has a victory. In the study, to look at the free myth on journalism and to designate films insights on social and political situations at a given point in history, protagonists and narratives were analyzed according to Schock’s The United Theory of Narrative and diagnostic critique of Douglas Kellner. In the analysis, we have seen that movies reinforce the free press and American democracy myths through all type journalists and narratives. Besides, these films appear to reflect their period’s desire, fear, and conflicts, and also inspired by the leaders of their period (Barack Obama) or predict the future leaders (Donald Trump). In conclusion, the analysis shows that films about journalism reinforce the free press myth, and also represent their period’s tendencies, conflicts, and crises and have some prediction about the future, and give messages to the society

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