Zararlılarla Mücadelede Birlik İçi Avcılığın Parazitoitler Üzerine Etkisi

Birlik içi avcılık (Intraguild predation, IGP), kısaca bir doğal düşmanın diğeri tarafından tüketilmesi olarak tanımlanır ve zararlılarla mücadeleyi olumsuz yönde etkileyebilecek yaygın bir olgudur. Biyolojik mücadele uygulamalarında parazitoitler zararlı böceklerin önemli doğal düşmanları arasında yer almaktadır ve genellikle IGP'den olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedirler. Zararlı böcek popülasyonlarının baskılanmasını engelleyen parazitoit ve birlik içi avcılık interaksiyonunda matematiksel modeller geliştirmek mümkündür. Genellikle, bir birlik içi avcının, parazitoitler üzerindeki IGP oranı, zararlı böcek üzerindeki avcılık oranından yüksek olduğu durumlarda zararlı böcek mücadelesini engellediği araştırıcılar tarafından saptanmıştır. Birlik içi avcıların doğrudan parazitoit erginlerine saldırdığı veya parazitlenmemiş konukçulara göre parazitlenmiş konukçuları tercih ettiği örneklerde, bu durumun zararlı böceklerin baskılanmasını engellendiği gözlenebilmektedir. Ancak parazitoitlerin farklı savunma reaksiyonları sayesinde birlik içi avcılığın etkisi en düşük düzeye inmektedir. Birlik içi avcılığın zararlıların mücadelesi üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri parazitoit ve predatör davranışlarının daha iyi anlaşılmasıyla çözüme kavuşacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Birlik içi avcılık, parazitoit, biyoloji, davranış

The Effect of Intraguild Predation on Parasitoids in Pest Control

Intraguild predation (IGP) is defined as the consumption of one natural enemy by another and is a common phenomenon that can negatively affect pest control. In biological control applications, parasitoids are among the important natural enemies of harmful insects and they are generally adversely affected by IGP. It is possible to develop mathematical models for the interaction of parasitoid and IGP, which prevents the suppression of pest populations. Generally, it has been determined by researchers that an intraguild predator inhibits pest control when the rate of IGP on parasitoids is higher than the rate of predation on pests. There are instances where IGP predators directly attack parasitoid adults or prefer parasitized hosts over non-parasitized hosts. This event prevents the suppression of harmful insects. However, due to the different defense reactions of parasitoids, the effect of IGP is minimized. The negative effects of IGP on pest control will be resolved with a better understanding of parasitoid and predator behaviors.

Keywords:

Intraguild predation, parazitoid, biology, behaviour,

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