Gözde YİRMİBEŞOĞLU, Fatma Cande YAŞAR DİNÇER

EFFECTS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE ARCTIC: AN EVALUATION OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC POLICIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

İklim değişikliği özellikle son yüz yıldır Arktika’da etkisini dünyanın geri kalanına göre iki kat daha fazla hissettirmektedir. Isınma neticesinde bölge erişilebilirliği artmakta, ulaşım ve denizcilik için uzun sezon fırsatları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda yeni kaynak arama ve çıkarma faaliyetleri kolaylaşmaktadır. Tüm bu gelişmeler küreselleşme hareketlerinin bölgede hız kazanmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Birleşik Krallık, coğrafi konumu sayesinde bölgeyle farklı rotalar yoluyla etkileşime girebilme olanağına sahiptir. Ülke, 1960’lardan bu yana Arktika kıyılarında petrol ve doğal gaz arama faaliyetlerinde bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca büyüyen birçok sanayiye ürün ve hizmet sunmak için stratejik pozisyonda bulunan şirketler; sigorta ve risk yönetimi, denizcilik ve mineral çıkarma da dâhil olmak üzere Arktika’da faaliyet gösteren çeşitli sektörlerde geniş deneyim sahibidirler. Birleşik Krallık bölgede faaliyet alanını genişleterek ekonomik çıkarlarını artırmak istemektedir. Bu amaçla bölge ülkeleriyle ikili ilişkilerini sağlamlaştırmaya gayret göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada Arktika’nın uluslararası ticarette gün geçtikçe yükselen bir değere sahip olmasının nedenlerinin araştırılarak iklim değişikliğinin bölge ekonomik faaliyetlerinde yarattığı transfromasyonların ve Birleşik Krallık’ın bölgede yürüttüğü ekonomik politikaların incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Uluslararası ticaret, iklim değişikliği, küreselleşme, Arktika, Birleşik Krallık

İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE KÜRESELLEŞMENİN ARKTİKA EKONOMİK DÖNÜŞÜMÜ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK BÖLGE POLİTİKALARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

In the last century, climate change has been more influential in the Arctic when compared with the rest of the world. Access in the region becomes easier due to global warming, leading to longer seasonal opportunity for shipping and transportation. Consequently, search for new resources and their extraction has become easier. All these developments have allowed globalization movements to accelerate in the region. Due to its geographical location, the United Kingdom has the opportunity to interact with the region by means of a variety of routes. The country has been searching for petrol and natural gas in the coasts of the Arctic since 1960. Moreover, strategically important companies offering goods and services to a large variety of industrial areas based on the Artic are substantially experienced in areas such as insurance and risk management, shipping and mining. Thus, the United Kingdom focuses on increasing its economic profit by widening its activities. Therefore, it spends great effort to strengthen bilateral relations with the countries of the region. To sum up, the aim of this study is to investigate the reasons why the Arctic has been playing a primary role in international trade along with the impact of climate change on regional economic activities as well as economic policies of the United Kingdom in this region.

Keywords:

International trade, climate change, globalization, the Arctic, the United Kingdom,

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