Postpartum Depresyon Gelişiminde Etkisi Az Bilinen Bir Faktör: İnfertilite

İstenilen bir bebeğe gebe kalmak, doğum yapmak ve sonucunda anne olmak, özellikle infertilite öyküsü olan ve dolayısı ile daha fazla duygusal, fi ziksel ve ekonomik olarak çaba harcayan kadınlar için, genellikle mutlu bir olay olarak değerlendirilir. Çünkü prenatal dönemden postnatal döneme geçiş arzu edilmesine ve çoğu zaman planlanmasına rağmen karışık duygusal tepkilerin verildiği gelişimsel ve bilişsel bir geçiş sürecidir. Bu süreçte kadınlarda ortaya çıkan duygu durum bozuklukları; annelik hüznü (maternity blues), postpartum depresyon ve postpartum psikoz şeklinde görülebilmektedir. Postpartum depresyon, doğumdan sonraki bir yıl içerisinde herhangi bir zamanda ortaya çıkabilen, annenin, bebeğin ve ailenin sağlığını önemli derecede riske atan, ciddi ve yaygın bir duygusal bozukluktur. Postpartum depresyonun erken dönemde tanılanması ve erken mü- dahale edilebilmesi için risk faktörlerinin biliniyor olması önemli bir konudur. Ancak özellikle kadınlarda depresyon gelişmesine katkı sağ- layan bir risk faktörü olarak bilinen infertilite öyküsünün, postpartum depresyon gelişmesindeki etkisini degerlendiren çok az çalışma vardır. Bu derlemede literatür ışığında infertilite tedavisinin postpartum depresyon gelişimindeki etkisi, bu konuda hemşire/ebelerin rolleri ele alınmaktadır.

An Under-recognized Factor in the Development of Postpartum Depression: Infertility

Having a baby, giving birth and being a mother are generally considered happy events, especially for women who have had a history of infertility and may have suffered emotionally, physically and fi nancially. Although the transition from the prenatal period to the postnatal period is usually desired and planned, it is a developmental and cognitive transition period full of complex emotional reactions. During this period, common mood disorders for women include maternity blues, postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. Postpartum depression is a common and serious mood disorder which can jeopardize the health of the mother, baby and family within the fi rst year of delivery. Knowing the risks factors is an important issue for the early detection and early intervention of postpartum depression. However, knowing that a history of infertility may contribute to the development of postpartum depression, there are few studies assessing the effects of infertility during the diagnosis and treatment of depression. In this review, the effects of infertility on the development of postpartum depression and nurse/midwives roles in this issue are discussed in light with the literature

PDF

___

1 . Bozoky I, Corwin EJ. Fatique as a predictor of postpartum depression. JOGNN 2001; 31(4):436-443.
2 . Nelson AM. Transition to motherhood. JOGNN 2003; 32(4):465-477.
3 . Logsdon MC, Wisner KL, Pinto-Foltz MD. The impact of postpartum depression on mothering. AWNHONN. The Association of Womens Health. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2006; 35(5):652-657.
4 . Davidson M, London M, Ladewing P. Maternal-newborn nursing and womens health across the lifespan. New Jersey: Pearson Education; 2008.
5 . Dennis CL, Dowswell T. Psychosocial and psychological interventions for preventing postpartum depression. Cochrane Database System Review. 2013 doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001134.pub3.
6 . Ferber SG. The nature of touch in mothers experiencing maternity blues: The contribution of parity. Early Hum Dev 2004; 79:65-75.
7 . Rondon MB. Maternıty blues: Cross-cultural variations and emotıonal changes. Prim Care Update Ob Gyns 2003; 10(4):167-171.
8 . Sohr-Preston SL, Scaramella LV. Implications of timing of maternal depressive symptoms for early cognitive and language development. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2006; 9(1):65-80.
9 . Longstein JS. Regulation of anxiety during the postpartum period. Front Neuroendocrinol 2007; 28:115-141.
10 . Şimşek F. Doğum sonrası depresyonun sıklığı, ortaya çıkan risk faktörleri ve bebeğin anne sütü alımı, uykusu, büyümesi, gelişimi ve davranışları üzerine olan etkileri. Sosyal Bilimler Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara. 2005.
11 . Leitch S. Postpartum depression: A review of the literature. St.Thomas, Ontario: Elgin-St.Thomas Health Unit; 2002.
12 . Köroğlu E. DSM-IV-TR Tanı ölçütleri başvuru kitabı. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği; 2001.
13 . Beeghly M, Olson KL, Weinberg MK, Pierre SC, Downey N, Tronick EZ. Prevalence, stability, and socio-demoğraphic correlates of depressive symptoms in black mothers during the fi rst 18 months postpartum. Matern Child Health 2003; 7(3):157-168.
14 . Horowitz JA, Goodman JH. Identifying and treating postpartum depression. JOGNN 2005; 34(2):264-273.
15 . Lee DTS, Chung TKH. Postpartum depression: an update. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 21(2):183-191.
16 . Repokari L, Punamaki RL, Unkila-Kallio L, Vilska S, Poikkeus P, Sinkkonen J, Almqvist F, Tiitinen A, Tulppala M. Infertility treatment and marital relationships: A 1-year prospective study among successfully treated art couples and their controls. Hum Reprod 2007; 22(5):1481- 1491.
17 . McMahon CA, Boivin J, Gibson FL, Fisher JRW, Hammarberg K, Wynter K, Saunders DM. Older fi rst-time mothers and early postpartum depression: a prospective cohort study of women conceiving spontaneously or with assisted reproductive Technologies. Fertil Steril 2011; 96(5):1218-1224.
18 . Akyüz A, Seven M, Devran A, Demiralp M. Infertility history: is it a risk factor for postpartum depression in Turkish women? J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2010; 24(2):137-45.
19 . Olshansky E, Sereika S. The transition from pregnancy to postpartum in previously infertile women: A Focus on Depression, Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2005; 19(6):273-280.
20 . Tezel A. Pospartum depresyonun değerlendirilmesinde hemşirelerin/ ebelerin sorumlulukları. Yeni Symposium Journal 2006; 44(1):49-52.
21 . Csatordai S, Kozinszky Z, Devosa I, Toth E, Krajcsi A, Sefcsik T, Pal A. Obstetric and sociodemogrphic risk of vulnerability to postnatal depression. Patient Educ Couns 2007; 67:84-92.
22 . Josefsson A, Angelsiöö l, Berg G, Ekström C-M, Gunnervik C, Nordin C, Sydsyö G. Obstetric, somatic, and demographic risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99(2):223- 228.
23 . Flores DL, Hendric VC. Etiology and treatment of postpartum depression, Curr Psychiatry Rep 2002; 4:461-466.
24 . Olshansky E. A theoretical explanation for previously infertile mothers vulnerability to depression. J Nurs Scholarsh 2003; 35(3):263-268.
25 . Monti F, Agostoni F, Fagandini P, Battista La Sala G, Blickstein I. Depressive symptoms during late pregnancy and early parenthood following assisted reproductive technology. Fertil Steril 2009: 91(3);851-857.
26 . Repokari L, Punamaki R-L, Poikkeus P, Viska S, Unkila-Kallio L, Sinkkonen J, Almqvist F, Tiitinen A, Tulppala M. The Impact of successful assisted reproduction treatment on female and male mental health during transition to parenthood: a prospective controlled study. Hum Reprod 2005; 20(11):3238-3247.
27 . Fisher JRW, Hammarberg K, Gordon Baker HW. Assisted conception is a risk factor postnatal mood disturbance and early parenting diffi culties. Fertil Steril 2005; 84(2):426-430.
28 . Bergant AM, Heim K, Ulmer H, Illmensee K. Early Postnatal depressive mood: Associations with obstetric and psychosocial factors. J Psychosom Res 1999; 46(4):391-394.
29 . Fisher JRW, Rowe H, Hammarberg K. Admissions for early parenting difficulties among women with infants conceived by assisted reproductive technologies: a prospective cohort study. Fertil Steril 2012; 97(6):1410-1416.
30 . Gibson FL, Ungerer JA, Tennant CC, Saunders DM. Parental adjustment and attidudes to parenting after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2000; 73(3): 565-574.
31 . Gibson F, McMahon C. Parenting and child psychosocial development after infertility management. International Congress Series 2004;1266:351-358.
32 . Dennis C-L. Psychosocial and Psychological interventions for prevention of postnatal depression: Systematic review. BMJ 2005; 331:15.
33 . Hemşirelik Yönetmeliği 2010. http://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR/ belge/1-10070/hemsirelik-kanununun-4-uncu-maddesine-dayanilarakhazir-.html (Erişim tarihi: 26 Ekim 2013).
34 . Hemşirelik Kanunu 2007. http://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR/dosya/1-50814/ h/ (Erişim tarihi: 26 Ekim 2013).
35 . Beck CT. Predictors of postpartum depression: an update. Nurs Res 2001; 50(5):275-285.