Tarla koşullarında Gyttja uygulamasının tahılların dane verimine ve toprağın fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerine etkisi

Topraklardaki Zn eksikliği ve B toksisitesinin tahıllarda önemli verim azalmalarına yol açtığı bilinmektedir. Sözkonusu problemlerin en önemli nedenlerinden biri olarak topraktaki organik maddenin azlığı ileri sürülmüştür. Bu bilgilerden hareketle, organik madde içeriği çok yüksek olan (yaklaşık % 50) Gyttja’nın Zn noksanlığı ve B toksisitesine sahip topraklarda tahılların dane verimine ve toprağın fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerine etkisi tarla koşullarında belirlenmiştir. Tarla denemeleri ekimle birlikte toprağa uygulanan ve toprakta residüal olarak bulunan üç farklı Gyttja (0, 10 ve 30 ton da-1) ve iki farklı Zn ( 0 ve 2,3 kg da-1) dozu ve Gerek-79 ve Aslım çeşitleri kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, residüal Gyttjanın dane verimini % 18, ekimle birlikte uygulanan Gyttjanın ise % 3-7 düzeyinde arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Sözkonusu artışların Zn noksanlığı altında daha belirgin olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca Gyttja ilavesiyle toprakların alınabilir Zn konsantrasyonunun kısmen arttığı ve B konsantrasyonunun da azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bunlara ilave olarak tarla koşullarında toprağa yapılan Gyttja uygulamalarının toprağın fiziksel özelliklerinde de iyileştirmeler yapabildiği de saptanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, B toksisitesinin ve Zn noksanlığının olduğu alanlara Gyttja uygulanmasıyla bitkisel üretimin iyileştirilebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

The effect of Gyttja applicatıon on cereal graın yıeld and soil physical - chemical propertıes in field condıtıons

Existence of the Zn deficiency and B toxicity in soils results in severe reduction in crop production, especially production of cereals. Low levels of organic matter in soils have been considered as a major reason for widespread occurrence of Zn deficiency and also B toxicity. Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of Gyttja material, which is higly rich in organic matter (nearly 50 %), on grain yield cereals and soil chemical and physical properties when grown in Zn deficient and B toxic soils. In the field experiment with wheat (cv. Gerek) and rye (cv. Aslım) influence of Gyttja was tested by adding Gyttja into soil i) immediately before the sowing and ii) one year before the sowing (residual effect) at doses of 0, 10 and 30 ton da-1, and Zn was applied at doses of 0 and 2.3 kg da-1 ). In the field experiment, residual gyttja resulted, on average, in an increase of 18 % in grain yield of wheat and rye, while Gyttja added immediately enhanced yield only by 3-7 %. These increases were more distinct under Zn-deficient conditions. Moreover, the addition of Gyttja to soil increased available Zn concentration and reduced available B concentration in soils. The Gyttja application is improved not only chemical properties in soil but also physical properties. The results indicate that to improve wheat production in soils with B toxicity and Zn deficiency Gyttja can successfully be applied into soils.

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