HEGEMONYA TARTIŞMALARI IŞIĞINDA İNGİLİZ VE AMERİKAN HEGEMONYALARI: YÖNLENDİRİCİ HEGEMONYADAN KURAL KOYUCU HEGEMONYAYA

Bu yazıda uluslararası ilişkilerde hegemonya tartışmaları ışığında, kapitalizmin son iki yüzyıllık tarihinde sistemin uluslararası düzeyde işleyişini biçimlendiren temel ilke ve normları oluşturan İngiltere ve ABD’nin üstünlüğü karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu çerçevede hegemonya kavramını, güçlü bir devletin iktisadi, askeri ve entelektüel kapasitesine dayanarak diğer devletler üzerinde rıza temelinde hükümet benzeri bir fonksiyon icra etmesi biçiminde tartışan Neo-Gramsciyen Kuram ile Gramsciyen hegemonya anlayışını Dünya Sistemi Kuramına uygulamaya çalışan G. Arrighi’nin ortaya koyduğu hegemonya analizlerinden yararlanarak iki farklı hegemonik liderliğin ortaya çıktığı koşullar ve işleyiş biçimleri tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hegemonya, İngiltere, ABD, 19. Yüzyıl, 20. Yüzyıl

BRITISH AND U.S. HEGEMONY IN THE LIGHT OF HEGEMONY DEBATES: FROM GUIDED TO RULE SETTING HEGEMONY

In this article, the supremacy of Britain and U.S. who formulate basic principles and norms shaping the operation of international system in the last two centuries respectively, has been compared in the light of hegemony debates. Within this framework, the conditions which lead to emergence of two different hegemonic leadership and their basic mechanisms have been investigated by focusing on Neo-Gramscian and G. Arrighi’s hegemony analysis that attempts to apply Gramscian hegemony to World-System Theory. Despite their divergent theoretical premies, these two critical approaches define hegemony as power of a state to exercise governmental functions over a system of sovereign states on the basis of consent.

Keywords:

Hegemony, Britain, U.S., 19th Century, 20th Century,

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