BRETTON-WOODS KURULUŞLARI, NEW YORK UZLAŞISI VE YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELE POLİTİKALARI

Pekçok sosyal bilimci ve akademisyene göre Post-Washington Uzlaşısı ile birlikte Bretton Woods kuruluşlarının cinsiyet eşitliği, insan hakları ve yoksulluk gibi toplumsal sorunlara yönelik politikalarında önemli bir değişim gözlenmiştir. Bu kuruluşlar savaş sonrası dönemde ekonomik liberalizmin en önemli savunucuları olmuştur. Bu uğurda, dünya halklarının temel sorunlarını göz ardı ederek, ekonomik büyüme, etkinlik, minimum piyasa müdahalesi konularında mücadele vermişlerdir. Özellikle 1970’li ve 1980’li yıllarda, Washington Uzlaşısı çerçevesinde neoliberal politikalara tam bir sadakatla bağlanan IMF ve Dünya Bankası, gelişmekte olan ülkelere “istikrar ve yapısal uyum politikaları”nı dikte etmiştir. Ancak 1990’lı yıllarda neoliberal politikaların tıkanmasıyla birlikte, liberal düzen ve onun sözcüleri, kendilerini, yeni bir patika bulma ihtiyacında hissetmişlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı tarihsel bir perspektif altında, ancak özellikle Kapsayıcı Kalkınma Yaklaşımı altında, Bretton Woods kuruluşlarının yoksullukla mücadele politikalarını incelemek ve bu politikaların yeni liberal düzenin yeni bir soluğu olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Çalışmada, ayrıca Kapsayıcı Kalkınma Yaklaşımı altında, Bretton Woods kuruluşları ile Birleşmiş Milletler kuruluşlarının yakınsamasını yaratan New York Uzlaşısından söz edilmesinin gerçekliği de tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bretton Woods kuruluşları, New York Uzlaşısı, yoksullukla mücadele politikaları

BRETTON WOODS INSTITUTIONS, NEW YORK CONSENSUS AND POVERTY REDUCTION POLICIES

According to many social scientists and academicians, after the emerging of Post-Washington Consensus, the Bretton Woods institutions have dominantly repositioned their policy on social issues such as gender equality, human rights and poverty. These institutions have always been useful tools in advocating economic liberalism across all countries after Second World War period. On the other hand, while dealing with the main aims of economic liberalism -growth, efficiency, minimum market intervention-, they have mostly disregarded the social problems of the world communities. Especially, during 1970’s and 1980’s, stricktly adhering to neoliberal policies of Washington consensus, IMF and World Bank have forced developing countries to obey their stability and structural adjustment policies. But after the collapse of neoliberal policies in the late of 1990’s, the liberal world order and its main advocators need to search a new path to sustain existing hegemonic power. The objective of this article is to analyze the poverty alleviation strategies of Bretton Woods institutions under historical perspective, especially in the frame of Comprehensive Development Approach and to question whether these policies is the fresh instrument of new liberal order. We also aim to assess whether we can talk about the convergence between ‘United Nations Paradigm’ and ‘Bretton Woods Paradigm’ in the name of New York Consensus under this development approach.

Keywords:

Bretton Woods Institutions, New York consensus, poverty reduction policies,

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