This paper discusses Weberian criticism of non-Protestant societies in the light of a recent cross-cultural research comparing Protestant, Catholic, and Muslim managers. 'The higher levei of Protestant work ethic characteristics of Muslim Turkish managers was anaiysed in tems of  Weber's criticism. Weber argued that Islamic societies were not able t0 develop the spirit of capitalism because of the negative consequences of  oriental despotism, warrior ethic, and Sufısm.