Sezin GÜVENTÜRK, Şebnem TAVMAN, Seher KUMCUOĞLU, Ece ÇAĞDAŞ

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of silymarin components from milk thistle seeds (Silybum marianum L.)

Deve dikeni tohumları oldukça yüksek miktarlarda, antioksidan etkiye sahip fenolik bileşenler içermektedir. Bu bileşenlerin ekstraksiyonu hem tarıma dayalı endüstrilerde hem de gıda yan ürünlerinin değerini arttırmak için yeni bir yöntem olarak düşünülmektedir.Ultrason, sahip olduğu etkiler sayesinde (kavitasyon, mikro düzeyde karışma sağlama, süngerimsi yapı oluşturma) proseslerde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ultrason uygulamalarının deve dikeninde bulunan fenolik bileşenlerin ekstraksiyonu üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla önceden kurutulmuş deve dikeni tohumlarındaki fenolik bileşenlerin ekstraksiyonu; metanol çözgen olmak üzere güç, sıcaklık gibi faktörler sabit tutularak farklı sürelerde (30, 60, 90, 120 ve 150 dakika) ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon ve metanol kullanılarak yapılan klasik çözgen ekstraksiyonu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, silimarin içeriği HPLC kullanılarak belirlenmiş ve bu bileşenlerin antioksidan özellikleri 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) üzerindeki serbest radikal tutma etkileri ile belirlenmiştir. Ekstraksiyon işlem süresinin artmasıyla örneklerden elde edilen fenolik bileşen miktarında ve bu bileşenlerin antioksidan aktivitelerinde artış olduğu saptanmıştır. Ekstrakte edilen silimarin miktarının 0.77-1.37g/100g yağsız toz deve dikeni aralığında olduğu ve ekstraktların %30-60 aralığında DPPH inhibisyonu gösterdiği bulunmuştur.

Deve dikeni tohumlarında (Silybum marianum L.) bulunan silimarin bileşlenlerinin ultrason destekli ekstraksiyonu

Milk thistle seeds present high amount of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. The extraction of these compounds may be considered a way to increase in value both agro-food by-products. Ultrasound is widely applied in extraction due to its effects (cavitation, micro-stirring or sponge effect) over the process. The aim of this work was to investigate the application of ultrasound on the extraction of phenolic compounds included in milk thistle. For that purpose, the extraction of phenolic compounds from milk thistle seeds, previously dried, was carried out with ultrasound assisted extraction at different time intervals (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 min) and classic solvent extraction using methanol as solvent while other factors (power, temperature etc.) being constant. At the same time silymarin content was determined by HPLC and their antioxidant properties were evaluated by determining its ability to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical by measuring induction period. There were slight increases in the amount of phenolic content and antioxidant activity with increasing extraction times. It was found that the amount of total silymarin content varied from 0.77 to 1.37 g/100 g dried nonfat milk thistle sample and the extracts showed a DPPH inhibition that change between 30-60 %.

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