İpek Gülçin UYSAL, Neslihan ÇOLAK GÜNEŞ, Nurcan KOCA

FARKLI PEYNİR ÇEŞİTLERİNİN YAŞAM DÖNGÜSÜ ANALİZİ

Nüfus artışı, teknolojik gelişmeler ve ormanların azalması, dünyada hem ekolojik hem sağlıkla ilgili olumsuz sonuçlara yol açmaktadır. Tarım-gıda sanayii tüm dünyadaki sera gazı emisyonlarının üçte birinden sorumludur. Bu nedenle, gıda ürünlerinin çevresel etkilerinin incelenerek üretimin daha sürdürülebilir hale getirilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Süt sektöründe hem dünya genelinde hem de ülkemizde peynir üretim hacminin oldukça fazla olması, süt endüstrisindeki sürdürülebilirliğin peynir üretimi üzerinden değerlendirilebilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi (YDA), ürünlerin ve süreçlerin çevresel etkilerini inceleyen, küresel olarak kabul edilen, ISO tarafından standartlaştırılmış bir yöntemdir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, dünyada üretilen farklı peynir çeşitlerinin çevresel etkilerinin YDA ile incelendiği çalışmalar detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Çiğ süt üretimi, başta küresel ısınma potansiyeli olmak üzere pek çok çevresel etki kategorisinden sorumlu olarak ilk sırada yer alırken; arkasından enerji tüketiminin geldiğini ve ambalajlama, nakliye ve tüketici kullanımı gibi basamakların çoğunlukla minimum düzeyde katkısı olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Ayrıca, peynir üretiminin çevresel etkilerinin azaltılması için çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi (YDA), peynir, sürdürülebilirlik, karbon ayak izi

LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS CHEESE TYPES

Overpopulation, technological developments and deforestation have ecological and health consequences for the world. The agro-food industry is responsible for one-third of the global greenhouse gas emissions. So, it is crucial to make this industry more sustainable by examining the environmental effects related to food products. The fact that cheese production volume is high in the dairy industry, emphasizes the importance of evaluating the sustainability of cheese production in the dairy industry. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), a globally accepted and ISO standardized method, examines the environmental impact of products and processes. In this study, studies which evaluated the environmental effects of cheese production in the world by LCA were reviewed. This study reveals that raw milk production has the greatest impact in many impact categories and is followed next by energy consumption. Packaging, transportation and consumer use stages primarily affect the impact categories minimally. In addition, suggestions to reduce environmental impacts of cheese production have been presented

Keywords:

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), cheese, sustainability, carbon footprint,

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