Murat ALTIN, Emre YILMAZ, Seyfi POLAT, Hamit SOLMAZ

ÜÇ-FAZLI DİZEL EMÜLSİYON YAKITLARININ MOTOR PERFORMANSI VE EGZOZ EMİSYONLARINA ETKİSİ

Dizel motorları düşük yakıt tüketimlerinden dolayı hem kara hem de deniz taşımacılığında yaygın şekilde kullanılmaktadırlar. Ancak dizel motorlarından kaynaklanan zararlı azot oksit (NOx) ve is emisyonları insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Dizel emisyonlarının azaltılabilmesi için pek çok araştırma yapılmıştır. Belirli oranlarda su içeren dizel emülsiyon yakıtları zararlı egzoz emisyonlarını önemli ölçüde azaltabilmektedirler. Bu nedenle emülsiyon yakıtlar son yıllardaki önemli araştırma alanlarından birisi olmuştur. Bu çalışmada % 10 (E1) ve % 15 (E2) su ihtiva eden dizel emülsiyon yakıtlarının motor performansı ve egzoz emisyonları üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak yakıtların elde edilmesinde su çözücü olarak % 1 oranında yardımcı emilgatör mono etilen glikol kullanılmıştır. E1 emülsiyonunun egzoz emisyonlarını kısmen azaltırken motor performansını da önemli ölçüde azalttığı belirlenmiştir. E2 emülsiyonunun kullanılmasıyla karbon monoksit (CO), NOx ve is emisyonlarında sırasıyla % 45,9, % 26,9 ve % 18,8 azalmıştır. Buna karşılık motor momenti % 15,72 azalmıştır.

EFFECT OF THE THREE-PHASE DIESEL EMULSION FUELS ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS

Diesel engines are widely used in both land and sea transportation due to lower fuel consumption. However, the harmful nitrogene oxide (NOx) and soot emissions from diesel engines are threatening human health. A lot of research done to reduce diesel emissions. Diesel emulsion fuels that are containing specific proportions of water, can reduce harmful ezhaust emissions significantly. Therefore, emulsion fuels has been one of the important research area in recent years. In this study, effects of the diesel emulsion fuels containing % 10 (E1) and % 15 (E2) water on engine performance an exhaust emissions has been investigated. In this study, unlike the other studies 1 % auxilary emulgator mono ethylene glycol has been used as solvent to water. While the E1 emulsion has partially reducing the exhaust emissions, engine performance has significiantly reduce. With using E2 emulsion carbon monoxide (CO), NOx and soot emissions has reduced 45.9 %, 26.9 % and 18.8 % respectively. However, the motor torque decreased by 15.72 %.

PDF

___

1. Pulkrabek, W.W., Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2010.
2. Solmaz, H., Çelikten, İ., Estimation of amount of pollutants generated by vehicles in Turkey until 2030, Gazi University Journal of Science, 25, 2, 495-503, 2012.
3. Çelikten, İ., Mutlu, E., Solmaz, H., Variation of performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with diesel, rapeseed oil and hazelnut oil methyl ester blends, Renewable Energy, 48, 122-126, 2012.
4. Alkaya, B., ve Yıldırım, M.A., Taşıt Kaynaklı Kirleticilerin Azaltılma Yöntemleri, Ekoloji, 34, 16-20, 2000.
5. Wang, H., Chen, C., Huang, C. and Fu, L., Onroad Vehicle Emission Inventory and Its Uncertainty Analysis for Shanghai China, Science of The Total Environment, 398, 3, 60- 67, 2008.
6. Nadeem, M., Rangkuti, C., Anuar, K., Haq, M.R.U., Tan, I.B. and Shah, S.S., Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Evaluation Using Emulsified Fuels Stabilized by Convenional and Gemini Surfactants, Fuel, 85, 2111-2119, 2006.
7. Aktaş, A., Sekmen, Y., Effects of lpg percentage to performance and exhaust emissions in a dual fuel engine, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 25, 1, 171-178, 2010.
8. Çelikten, İ. Ve Gürü, M., Improvement of Performance and Emission Criterias of Petrodiesel and Rapeseed oil Biodiesel With Manganese Based Additive, Journal Of The Faculty Of Engineering And Architecture Of Gazi University, 26(3): 643-648, 2011.
9. Çelikten, İ. ve Arslan, M.A., Investigation Of Diesel Fuel, Rape Oil and Soybean Oil Methyl Esters Effects on a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Performance And Emissions Journal Of The Faculty Of Engineering And Architecture Of Gazi University, 23(4): 829-836, 2008.
10. Aktaş, A. ve Sekmen, Y., The Effects Of Advance Fuel Injection On Engine Performance And Exhaust Emıssıons Of A Diesel Engine Fuelled With Biodiesel, Journal Of The Faculty Of Engineering And Architecture Of Gazi University, 23 (1), 199-206, 2008.
11. Hasimoglu, C., İçingur, Y., Özsert, İ., Effect of biodiesel usage to engine performance and exhaust emissions of a turbocharged diesel engine, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 23, 1, 207-213, 2008.
12. Çildir, O., Çanakçi, M., An investigation of the effects of catalyst and alcohol amounts on the fuel properties of biodiesel from various vegetable oils, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 21, 2, 367-372, 2006.
13. Özsezen, A.N., Çanakçi, M., An investigation of the effect of methyl ester produced from waste frying oil on the performance and emissions of an İDİ diesel engine, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 23, 2, 395-404, 2008.
14. Keskin, A., Gürü, M. ve Altıparmak, D., Investigatıon Of 90% Blend Of Tall Oil Biodiesel Fuel With Dıesel Fuel As Alternative Diesel Fuel , Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 22 (1), 57-63, 2007.
15. Guru M., Koca A., Can O. and Çınar C., Şahin F.,Biodiesel Production from Waste Chicken Fat Based Sources and Evaluation with Mg Based Additive in a Diesel Engine, Renewable Energy 35, 637643, 2010.
16. Usta N., Özturk E., Can O., Conkur E. Ş., Nas S., Çon A.H., Can A. Ç., Topçu M. Combustion of Biodiesel Fuel Produced from Hazelnut Soapstock/Waste Sunflower Oil Mixture in a Diesel Engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 46, 741-755, 2005.
17. Çelikten İ., Koca A., Arslan MA., Investigation of the Effects of Diesel Fuel, Rapeseed and Soybean Oil Methyl Esters on Engine Performance and Emissions at Different Injection Pressures, Renewable Energy, 35, 814-820, 2010.
18. Çelik, M.B., Balki, M.K., The effect of lpg usage on performance and emissions at various compression ratios in a small engine, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 22, 1, 81-86, 2007.
19. Holmberg, K. and Lif, A.,Water-in-Diesel Emulsions and Related Systems, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 123, 231-239, 2006.
20. Swarbrick J, Rubino J, Rubi OP, "Coarse Dispersions" Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, s.316-334, 2000.
21. Lin C.Y, Chen L.W,Comparison of Fuel Properties and Emission Characteristics of Two and Three-Phase Emulsions Prepared by Ultrasonically Vibrating and Mechanically Homogenizing Emulsification Methods, Fuel 87:21542161, 2008.
22. Hall D, Thorne C, Goodier S.,An İnvestigation into the Effect af a Diesel/Water Emulsion on the Size and Number Distribution of the Particulate Emissions from a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine SAE paper no: 2003-01-3168; 2003.
23. Park J.W, Huh K.Y, Lee J.H.,Reduction of NOx, Smoke and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption with Optimal Injection Timing and Emulsion Ratio of Water-Emulsified Diesel, Proc Inst Mech Eng Part D J Automob Eng;215:83, 2001.
24. Lin C.Y, Wang K.H.,The Fuel Properties of Three-Phase Emulsions as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engines, Fuel, 82(11):1367-1375, 2003.
25. Lin C.Y, Wang K.H.,Effects of Diesel Engine Speed and Water Content on Emission Characteristics of Three-Phase Emulsions, J.Env. Sci. Hea., Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Env. Eng., 39(5): 1345-1359, 2006.
26. Lin C.Y, Wang K.H.,Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Chatacteristics Using Three-Phase Emuslsions as Fuel, Fuel, 83:537- 545, 2004.
27. Samec N, Kegl B, Dibble R.W.,Numerical and Experimental Study of Water/Oil Emulsified Fuel Combustion in a Diesel Engine, Fuel,;81:2035- 2044, 2002.
28. Lin, C.Y, and Chen, L.W., Emulsification Characteristics of Three and Two-Phase Emulsions Prepared by the Ultrasonic Emulsification Method, Fuel Processing Technology, 87: 309-317, 2006.
29. Tao, D. And Chen, G., An Experimental Study of Stability of Oil-Water Emulsion, Fuel Processing Technology, 86: 499-508, 2005.
30. Abu-Zaid, M.,Performance of Single Cylinder, Direct Injection Diesel Engine Using Water Fuel Emulsions, Energy Conversation and Management, 45: 697-705, 2004.
31. Dec J.E.,A Conceptual Model of DI Diesel Combustion Based on Laser-Sheet Imaging, SAE paper: 970873, 1997.