ISIL İŞLEMİN AKIMSIZ Nİ-B KAPLANAN SAF TİTANYUMUN YAPISINA ETKİSİ

Saf titanyum, düşük ağırlığı nedeniyle sanayide çok geniş kullanım potansiyeline sahiptir, fakat diğer taraftan düşük sertlik ve aşınma direnci, yüksek sıcaklıklarda zayıf korozyon direnci ve yüksek maliyet gibi taşıdığı bazı dezavantajlar nedeniyle kullanımı hala sınırlı olmaya devam etmektedir. Saf titanyumun bu zayıf yanlarını güçlendirmek amacıyla akımsız Ni-B kaplama alternatif çözümlerden biri olabilir. Bu çalışmada, saf titanyum üzerine akımsız kaplama yöntemi ile Ni-B kaplamalar yapılmış ve 450°C, 650°C ve 850°C sıcaklıklarda ısıl işlem uygulanmıştır. Isıl işlem uygulanmayan ve uygulanan bu kaplamalar, yapısal olarak SEM (taramalı elektron mikroskop) ve XRD (X ışını kırınım ölçer) ile karakterize edilmiştir. Kaplamaların ısıl işleme bağlı olarak amorf karakterden belirgin kristalin bir yapıya dönüştüğü gözlenmiştir.

EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON STRUCTURE OF ELECTROLESS Ni-B COATED PURE TITANIUM

Pure titanium has a very large potential for use industrially due to its low weight, however, its usage continues to be limited because it possesses some disadvantages such as low hardness and wear resistance, weak corrosion resistance in high temperatures and high cost. In order to strengthen these weaknesses of pure titanium, electroless Ni-B deposition process, may be an alternative solution. In this study, the Ni-B coatings were deposited on pure titanium and annealed at the temperatures of 450°C, 650°C and 850°C. The non-heat treated and heat treated coatings were structurally characterized via SEM (scanning electron microscope) and XRD (x ray diffraction). These coatings transformed from amorphous structure to a pronounced crystalline structure depending on heat treatment.

___

  • 1. Santos, E.C., Morita, M., Shiomi, M., Osakada, K. ve Takahashi, M., “Laser gas nitriding of pure titanium using CW and pulsed Nd: YAG lasers”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 201, 1635-1642, 2006.
  • 2. Tian, Y.S., Chen, C.Z., Li, S.T. ve Huo, Q.H., “Research progress on laser surface modification of titanium alloys”, Applied Surface Science, Cilt 242, 177-184, 2005.
  • 3. Stolyarov, V.V., Zhu, Y.T., Lowe, T.C. ve Valiev, R.Z., “Microstructure and Properties of Pure Ti Processed by ECAP and Cold Extrusion”, Material Science and Engineering A, Cilt 303, 82-89, 2001.
  • 4. Lowe, T.C. ve Zhu, Y.T., “Commercialization of Nanostructured Metals Produced by Severe Plastic Deformation Processing”, Advanced Engineering Materials, Cilt 5, 373-378, 2003.
  • 5. Çelik, İ., “Ultra İnce Taneli Saf Titanyumun Farklı Yüzey Yöntemleri ile Oksidasyonu”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum, 2010.
  • 6. Vreeling, J.A., Ocelík, V. ve De Hosson, J.T.M., “Ti-6Al-4V strengthened by laser melt injection of WCp particles”, Acta Materialia, Cilt 50, 4913-4924, 2002.
  • 7. Vijayaraghavan, T.V. ve Bensalem, A., “Electrodeposition of apatite coating on pure titanium and titanium alloys”, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Cilt 13, No 24, 1782- 1785, 1994.
  • 8. Yen, S.K. ve Lin, C.M., “Cathodic reactions of electrolytic hydroxyapatite coating on pure titanium”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Cilt 77, 70–76, 2002.
  • 9. Bülbül, F., “Antibacterial activity of electroless Ni–B Coating”, Material Science and Technology, Cilt 27, No 10, 1540-1546, 2011.
  • 10. Rao, Q.L., Bi, G., Lu, Q.H., Wang, H.W., ve Fan, X.L., “Microstructure evolution of electroless NiB film during its depositing process”. Applied Surface Science, Cilt 240, 28-33, 2005.
  • 11. Dervos, C.T., Novakovic, J. ve Vassiliou, P., “Vacuum heat treatment of electroless Ni–B coatings”, Material Letters, Cilt 58, 619-623, 2004.
  • 12. Delaunois, F., Petitjean, J.P., Lienard, P. ve Jacob-Duliere, M., “Autocatalytic electroless nickel-boron plating on light alloys”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 124, 201-209, 2000.
  • 13. Gawrilow, G.G., Chemical (electroless) nickel plating, Portcullis Press, LTD, Redhill, p. 55, 1979.
  • 14. Bulbul, F., “The Effects of Deposition Parameters on Surface Morphology and Crystallographic Orientation of Electroless Ni-B Coatings”, Metals and Materials International, Cilt 17, No 1, 67-75, 2011.
  • 15. Vitry, V., Delaunois, F. ve Dumortier C., “Mechanical properties and scratch test resistance of nickel–boron coated aluminium alloy after heat treatments”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 202, 3316-3324, 2008.
  • 16. Sahoo, P. ve Das, S.K., “Tribology of electroless nickel coatings – A review”, Materials and Design, Cilt 32, 1760-1775, 2011.
  • 17. Baskaran, I., Sakthi, K.R., Narayanan, T.S.N. ve Stephen, A., “Formation of electroless Ni–B coatings using low temperature bath and evaluation of their characteristic properties”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 200, No 24, 6888-6894, 2006.
  • 18. Narayanan, S.T.S.N, Krishnaveni, K. ve Seshadri S.K., “Electroless Ni–P/Ni–B duplex coatings: preparation and evaluation of micro-hardness, wear and corrosion resistance”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Cilt 82, No 3, 771-779, 2003.
  • 19. Venkatakrishnan, P.G., Nazirudeen, M.S.S. ve Narayanan, S.T.S.N., “Electroless Ni-B-P ternary alloy coatings: preparation and evaluation of characteristic properties”. European Journal of Science Research, Cilt 82, 506-514, 2012.
  • 20. Bülbül, F., Altun, H., Küçük, Ö. ve Ezirmik, V., “Tribological and Corrosion Behaviour of Electroless Ni-B Coating Possessing a Blackberry Like Structure”, Metals and Materials International, Cilt 18, No 4, 631-637, 2012.
  • 21. Zhu, X., Processability of Nickel-Boron Nanolayer Coated Boron Carbide, Doktora Tezi, Sayfa 6, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Materials Science and Engineering, 2008.
  • 22. Lenfant, P., Legras, C. ve Kervella, B., “Sur la structure des catalyseurs "borure de nickel", Comptes Rend Academy Science, Cilt 260, 1636, 1965.
  • 23. Hofer, L.J.E., Shultz, J.F., Panson, R.D. ve Anderson, R.B., “The Nature of the Nickel Boride Formed by the Action of Sodium Borohydride on Nickel Salts”, Inorganic Chemistry, Cilt 3, 1783-1784, 1964.
  • 24. Anik, M., Körpe, E. ve Şen, E., “Effect of coating bath composition on the properties of electroless nickel–boron films”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 202, No 9, 1718-1727, 2008. 25. Raghavan, V., “B-Fe-Ni (Boron-Iron-Nickel)”, Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, Cilt
  • 28, No 4, 377-378, 2007. 26. http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/28367- b7igK6/webviewable/28367.pdf
  • 27. Kapfenberger, C., Hofmann, K. ve Albert, B., “Room-temperature synthesis of metal borides”, Solid State Sciences, Cilt 5, 925–930, 2003.
  • 28. Gumeniuk, R., Borrmann, H. ve Leithe-Jasper, A., “Refinement of the crystal structures of trinickel boron, Ni3B, and tripalladium boron, Pd3B”, Zeitschrift Für Kristallographie: New Crystal Structures, Cilt 221, No 4, 425-426, 2006.
  • 29. Pal, S., Verma, N., Jayaram, V., Biswas, S.K. ve Riddle, Y.,“Characterization of phase transformation behaviour and microstructural development of electroless Ni–B coating” Material Science and Engineering A, Cilt 528, 8269-8276, 2011.
  • 30. Delaunois, F. ve Lienard, P., “Heat treatments for electroless nickel–boron plating on aluminium alloys”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 160, 239-248, 2002.
  • 31. Oraon, B., Majumdar, G. ve Ghosh, B., “Improving hardness of electroless Ni–B coatings using optimized deposition conditions and annealing”, Materials and Design, Cilt 29, 1412- 1418, 2008.