M Burak BULUTTEKİN

1212

THE ANALYSISOF COMMERCEIN ISTANBUL IN THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ACCORDING TO ISTANBUL AHKÂM REGISTERS (1750-1763)

18.yüzyılda İstanbul'daki ticareti değerlendirme amacındaki bu çalışma, 1750-1763 yılları arasındaki döneme ait İstanbul Ahkâm Defterleri'nin tasnifine yöneliktir. Ahkâm defterlerinde yer alan kayıtlardaki hükümleri tasnif edebilmek için; (a) defter numaraları, (b) başvuru yerleri, (c) ihtilaf konuları, (d) ihtilafın taraflarının sosyal konumları, (e) ihtilafın taraflarının dinleri ve (f) başvuru yılları, temel analiz değişkenleri olarak seçilmiştir. Her bir hüküm, bu sistematiğe göre -öncelikle kendi içlerinde ve daha sonra da genel analize tabi tutularak- incelenmiştir. İstanbul Ahkâm Defterleri Kayıtları'nda, Mayıs 1750 - Aralık 1763 tarihleri arasındaki dönemde, ticaret ile ilgili olarak 221 tane hüküm tespit edilmiştir. 3-6 arasında yer alan ilgili Ahkâm defterindeki bu hükümlerden, en fazla kaydın 3 numaralı defterde (%28,1) yer aldığı görülmüştür. İstanbul'da yaşanan ticari sorunların, yoğunluklu olarak "ticari emtianın alımı, satımı, fiyatı, tahsisi, nakli ve depolanması" (%44,3) ve "deniz ticareti, gemicilik, deniz kazaları ve kazaya uğrayan ticari emtia" (%35,3) konularıyla ilgili oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte en fazla ticari sorun, Haslar (%40,3) bölgesinde yaşanmıştır. Yine, Suriçi ile Üsküdar kazalarında sıklıkla "zahire, odun, kömür vs. temini ve nakli" (sırasıyla 12 ve 35 karar); Galata ile Haslar kazalarında yoğunlukla "kazaya uğrayan ticaret gemisindeki emtianın kurtarılması, korunması ve sahibine iadesi" (sırasıyla 8 ve 35 karar) konularına ilişkin sorunlar yaşanmıştır 18.yüzyılda İstanbul'daki ticarisorunların, çoğunlukla yönetilenler(reaya) arasında yaşandığı(%76)belirlenmiştir. Hem müracaat eden ve hem de şikayetedilen taraflar, çoğunlukla şehir merkezinde yaşayan Müslümanyönetilen reayadan müteşekkildir. İncelenen dönemdeki sorunların %22,6'sının, 1760-1761yılları arasındaki dönemde yaşandığı tespit edilmiştir

İSTANBUL AHKÂM DEFTERLERİ'NE GÖRE 18.YÜZYILİSTANBUL TİCARETİNİNANALİZİ(1750-1763)

This study, which aims to evaluate the commerce of Istanbul in the 18th century, is based on the classification of Istanbul Ahkâm Registers in the period of 1750-1763. In order to classify the provisions of Ahkâm Registers; (a) registry (book) numbers, (b) application areas, (c) conflict issues, (d) the social position of the litigants, (e) the religion of the litigants, and (f) application years were chosen as the basic analysis variables. Each judgement, which were based on this systematic, were examined in themselves 221provisions of the commercewere determined in Istanbul AhkâmRegistersin the period of May1750-December 1763. The analysis of thisAhkâmBooks(between 3-6 books), the maximum provisions were found with 3rd part (28.1%) of them. The most problems of the commerceof Istanbul were "commerce, price, assignation, transport and storage of merchandise"(44.3%) and "maritime trade, shipping, marine accident and shipwrecked merchandise"(35.3%).Moreover, the most commercial problems occurred in Haslar(40.3%) region. Also, the most commercialproblem in Suriciand Uskudarwas "provide and transport of product, firewood and coal"(respectively12 and 35 cases); in Galata and Haslar was "rescue, protection and returning to the owner of the merchandise of the wrecked ship"(respectively 8and 35cases)The commercial problems of Istanbul in the18th century occurred between the reaya(76%). Both the applicants and the complainees were intensity composed by the Muslims reaya which were dwelling in centrum. It was determined that 22.6% of this commercialproblems occured in the period of 1760-1761
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  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arsivi (BOA), Bab-ı Asafi Divan-ı Hümayun Sicilleri Istanbul Ahkâm Defteri (A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.) 3, case number (c.) 172, page (p.) 45, May 1750 (BOA /172).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.203, p.53, July 1750 (BOA 3/203).
  • BOA, A.DVNAS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.248, p.64, October 1750 (BOA 3/248).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.253, p.65, October 1750 (BOA 3/253).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.262, p.68, October 1750 (BOA 3/262).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.278, p.72, November 1750 (BOA 3/278).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.305, p.79, December 1750 (BOA 3/305).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.404, p.104, June 1751 (BOA 3/404).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.456, p.120, September 1751 (BOA 3/456).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.504, p.132, June 1751 (BOA 3/504).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.523, p.137, December 1751 (BOA 3/523).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.580, p.155, April 1752 (BOA 3/580).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.673, p.175, September 1752 (BOA 3/673).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.686, p.178, October 1752 (BOA 3/686).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.800, p.210, April 1753 (BOA 3/800).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.995, p.268, February 1754 (BOA 3/995).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1000, p.270, February 1754 (BOA 3/1000).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1011, p.272, February 1754 (BOA 3/1011).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1064, p.288, May1754 (BOA 3/1064).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1077, p.292, June 1754 (BOA 3/1077).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1110, p.300, August 1754 (BOA 3/1110).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1136, p.308, August 1754 (BOA 3/1136).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1153, p.313, September 1754 (BOA 3/1153).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1163, p.315, October 1754 (BOA 3/1163).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1191, p.324, November 1754 (BOA 3/1191).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1215, p.330, December 1754 (BOA 3/1215).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1230, p.336, December 1754 (BOA 3/1230).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1232, p.336, December 1754 (BOA 3/1232).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1236, p.338, January 1755 (BOA 3/1236).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1260, p.347, February 1755 (BOA 3/1260).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1263, p.348, February 1755 (BOA 3/1263).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1266, p.348, February 1755 (BOA 3/1266).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1274, p.351, February 1755 (BOA 3/1274).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1278, p.352, February 1755 (BOA 3/1278).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1284, p.355, March 1755 (BOA 3/1284).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1325, p.369, April 1755 (BOA 3/1325).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1364, p.381, June 1755 (BOA 3/1364).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.3, c.1381, p.386, June 1755 (BOA 3/1381).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.3, p.1, July 1755 (BOA 4/3).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.5, p.2, July 1755 (BOA 4/5).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.81, p.29, October 1755 (BOA 4/81).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.133, p.51, January 1756 (BOA 4/133).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.149, p.57, February 1755 (BOA 4/149).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.155, p.59, February 1755 (BOA 4/155).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.162, p.62, February 1756 (BOA 4/162).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.221, p.79, April 1756 (BOA 4/221).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.286, p.94, May 1756 (BOA 4/286).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.335, p.109, August 1756 (BOA 4/335).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.375, p.121, October 1756 (BOA 4/375).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.399, p.128, November 1756 (BOA 4/399).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.407, p.130, November 1756 (BOA 4/407).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.412, p.131, December 1756 (BOA 4/412).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.446, p.144, January 1757 (BOA 4/446).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.468, p.150, March 1757 (BOA 4/468).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.471, p.151, March 1757 (BOA 4/471).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.495, p.160, April 1757 (BOA 4/495).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.496, p.161, April 1757 (BOA 4/496).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.503, p.163, April 1757 (BOA 4/503).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.531, p.173, May 1757 (BOA 4/531).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.559, p.183, June 1757 (BOA 4/559).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.578, p.191, July 1757 (BOA 4/578).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.601, p.199, August 1757 (BOA 4/601).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.607, p.201, August 1757 (BOA 4/607).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.611, p.202, August 1757 (BOA 4/611).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.637, p.209, August 1757 (BOA 4/637).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.649, p.212, September 1757 (BOA 4/649).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.650, p.213, September 1757 (BOA 4/650).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.653, p.214, September 1757 (BOA 4/653).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.766, p.252, January 1758 (BOA 4/766).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.808, p.269, March 1758 (BOA 4/808).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.850, p.287, March 1758 (BOA 4/850).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.864, p.292, April 1758 (BOA 4/864).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.879, p.296, April 1758 (BOA 4/879).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.902, p.304, May 1758 (BOA 4/902).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.4, c.992, p.333, July 1758 (BOA 4/992).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.1, p.1, September 1758 (BOA 5/1).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.11, p.5, September 1758 (BOA 5/11).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.44, p.15, October 1758 (BOA 5/44).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.46, p.15, October 1758 (BOA 5/46).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.47, p.15, October 1758 (BOA 5/47).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.48, p.15, October 1758 (BOA 5/48).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.59, p.19, November 1758 (BOA 5/59).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.79, p.25, November 1758 (BOA 5/79).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.118, p.37, December 1758 (BOA 5/118).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.121, p.40, January 1759 (BOA 5/121).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.126, p.41, January 1759 (BOA 5/126).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.181, p.56, February 1759 (BOA 5/181).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.182, p.56, February 1759 (BOA 5/182).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.253, p.79, July 1759 (BOA 5/253).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.280, p.90, June 1759 (BOA 5/280).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.312, p.100, July 1759 (BOA 5/312).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.482, p.154, November 1759 (BOA 5/482).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.493, p.158, November 1759 (BOA 5/493).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.494, p.158, November 1759 (BOA 5/494).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.510, p.164, December 1759 (BOA 5/510).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.519, p.169, December 1759 (BOA 5/519).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.542, p.179, January 1760 (BOA 5/542).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.577, p.188, January 1760 (BOA 5/577).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.629, p.206, March 1760 (BOA 5/629).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.642, p.211, April 1760 (BOA 5/642).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.653, p.215, April 1760 (BOA 5/653).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.671, p.220, May 1760 (BOA 5/671).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.677, p.222, May 1760 (BOA 5/677).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.679, p.222, May 1760 (BOA 5/679).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.689, p.225, June 1760 (BOA 5/689).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.765, p.250, June 1760 (BOA 5/765).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.767, p.250, June 1760 (BOA 5/767).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.774, p.253, August 1760 (BOA 5/774).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.777, p.254, August 1760 (BOA 5/777).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.787, p.259, August 1760 (BOA 5/787).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.802, p.264, September 1760 (BOA 5/802).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.805, p.266, September 1760 (BOA 5/805).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.832, p.275, October 1760 (BOA 5/832).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.838, p.277, October 1760 (BOA 5/838).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.844, p.278, October 1760 (BOA 5/844).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.880, p.291, November 1760 (BOA 5/880).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.896, p.297, December 1760 (BOA 5/896).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.922, p.307, February 1761 (BOA 5/922).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.926, p.309, February 1761 (BOA 5/926).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.961, p.322, March 1761 (BOA 5/961).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.963, p.323, March 1761 (BOA 5/963).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.969, p.326, March 1761 (BOA 5/969).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.977, p.331, April 1761 (BOA 5/977).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.985, p.333, May 1761 (BOA 5/985).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.987, p.333, May 1761 (BOA 5/987).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.997, p.336, June 1761 (BOA 5/997).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.5, c.999, p.336, June 1761 (BOA 5/999).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.15, p.6, June 1761 (BOA 6/15).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.24, p.9, July 1761 (BOA 6/24).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.30, p.11, July 1761 (BOA 6/30).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.58, p.20, August 1761 (BOA 6/58).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.59, p.20, August 1761 (BOA 6/59).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.71, p.24, August 1761 (BOA 6/71).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.152, p.54, October 1761 (BOA 6/152).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.158, p.56, October 1761 (BOA 6/158).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.191, p.69, November 1761 (BOA 6/191).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.207, p.75, December 1761 (BOA 6/207).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.216, p.78, December 1761 (BOA 6/216).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.239, p.84, January 1762 (BOA 6/239).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.244, p.86, January 1762 (BOA 6/244).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.351, p.124, May 1762 (BOA 6/351).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.448, p.157, August 1762 (BOA 6/448).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.455, p.159, August 1762 (BOA 6/455).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.490, p.171, August 1762 (BOA 6/490).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.493, p.172, August 1762 (BOA 6/493).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.513, p.180, September 1762 (BOA 6/513).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.534, p.188, October 1762 (BOA 6/534).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.557, p.198, November 1762 (BOA 6/557).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.574, p.205, November 1762 (BOA 6/574).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.613, p.220, December 1762 (BOA 6/613).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.619, p.222, January 1763 (BOA 6/619).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.662, p.236, March 1763 (BOA 6/662).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.748, p.263, July 1763 (BOA 6/748).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.752, p.264, July 1763 (BOA 6/752).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.835, p.289, August 1763 (BOA 6/835).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.843, p.292, September 1763 (BOA 6/843).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.918, p.321, November 1763 (BOA 6/918).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.965, p.340, November 1763 (BOA 6/965).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.1010, p.357, December 1763 (BOA 6/1010).
  • BOA, A.DVNS.AHK.IS.d.6, c.1012, p.357, December 1763 (BOA 6/1012).
  • TABAKOĞLU Ahmet, Ahmet KAL'A, Salih AYNURAL, İsmail KARA and Eyüp Sabri KAL'A, İstanbul Ahkâm Defterleri İstanbul Ticaret Tarihi 1, Corpus of Istanbul III, Istanbul Research Center, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Publications, İstanbul, 1997.
Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi-Cover
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi
Arşiv
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Alev SÖKMEN, Edip Sabahattin METE

THE ANALYSISOF COMMERCEIN ISTANBUL IN THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ACCORDING TO ISTANBUL AHKÂM REGISTERS (1750-1763)

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