On jamal ad-Din Al-Afghanı and the 19TH century Islamic political thought

Makale, Afgani'nin düşünce sistemini, 19. Yüzyıl İslami siyasal düşünce paradigması içinde, iç ve dış faktörlerce şekillenen İslami kurumsal sınırları belirlemek suretiyle inceler. İç etkenlerden kasıt İslami teorik oluşumken; dış etkenlerden kaste edilen ise Batı hakimiyeti ve bu hakimiyete tepki diyalektiği tarafından belirlenmiştir. Hayatı, gerekçeleri ve fikirleri hakkındaki ihtilaflara rağmen, hayatının en sık tekrarlanan teması hayalkırıklığı olan Afghani, buradaki konu dahilinde, bir vizyoner olarak ele alınmış ve Batılı filozoflarla tartışmalarında, bilimin evrenselliği, din yerine inançtan söz edişi, ulusu oluşturan temel öğe olarak dil birliği gibi konularla ortaya koyduğu özgür ve zamanının ilerisinde olan düşünce yapısına dikkat çekilmiştir. Afgani günümüzde dahi tartışılan din ve felsefe meselelerini 19. Yüzyılda ele almış ve çözümlemeye çalışmıştır. Makalenin bir yönü de Afghani gibi pekçok İslami düşünür ele alınırken, içinden çıktıkları düşünce sisteminin kurumsal sınırlarının yanı sıra, hakim bir başka ekonomiye, siyasete ve entellektüel paradigmaya karşı mücadele vermek zorunda olmayan Batı düşünürlerinden farklı bağlamda değerlendirilmeleri gereğidir.

Jamal ad-Din Al-Afghani ve 19. Yüzyıl islam düşüncesi

The essay analyzes Afghani's system of thought within the paradigm of the 19th century Islamic political thought by setting the Islamic institutional margins shaped by internal and external factors. The internal factors regard the Islamic theoretical formation while the external ones are determined by the dialectic of Western domination and patterns of reaction to it. Despite the controversy regarding his life, motives and ideas, Afghani is treated -in the context here- as a visionary in whose life the most common theme was 'disappointment', and a free-thinker who used, in debates with Western philosophers, such radical notions as the universality of science, faith in lieu of religion, and language as the main constituent of the nation. Afghani indeed took up and analyzed issues that are still at the heart of contemporary debates on religion and philosophy in the 19fh century. One aspect of the essay is the emphasis on the idea that non-Western thinkers such as Afghani should be analyzed with a perspective different from that for the Western thinkers due to not merely the different institutional boundaries of the thought system that they have emerged within, but also the fact that the Western thinkers have not been burdened with the task of a tremendous struggle against the hegemony of the dominant economics, politics and intellectual paradigm (of the West).

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