Kadınların insan hakları hareketi

BM Genel Konseyi Başkanı ve BM Genel Sekreteri 8 Mart 2012 uluslararası dünya kadınlar gününde V. Dünya Kadınlar Konferansı’nın yirmi yıl aradan sonra 2015 yılında gerçekleştirilmesinin Genel Konsey’in Eylül ayındaki 66. oturumunda görüşülmesini önerdiler. Bu makalenin amacı, gelişimi ve ivmesi daha önce düzenlenen konferanslara paralel gerçekleşmiş olan kadınların insan hakları hareketini 21. yüzyılın ilk Dünya Kadınlar Konferansı’nın düzenlenmesi için girişimlerin arttığı ve kadın örgütlerinin taleplerinin yoğunlaştığı bir dönemde incelemektir. Kadınların insan hakları hareketi, kadınların insan haklarının uluslararası insan hakları hukuku ve mekanizmaları içinde yeterince temsil edilmediği hususunu savunmuştur. Hareket, evrensel insan hakları normlarını toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinden eleştirel biçimde analiz ederek bu normların kavramsallaştırılma ve işleyiş biçiminin kamusal/özel alan ayrımına dayanması ve öncelikli olarak bireyin medeni ve siyasal haklarının devlet tarafından ihlal edilmesine karşı bir güvence sağlanmasını amaçlaması bakımlarından ataerkil ve devlet-merkezli olduğunu göstermiştir. 2015 yılında gerçekleştirilmesi hedeflenen beşinci konferansta, yeni nesil kadın liderlerin geçen yirmi yılda baş gösteren ve kadınların insan haklarını kullanmasına ve bu hakların ihlallerinin devletler tarafından önlenmesine ve cezalandırılmasına etki eden faktörleri değerlendireceği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda; kadınların insan hakları hareketinin gelişimini ve temel kuramsal çerçevesini analiz eden bu çalışma konferansın açacağı siyasal alanda şekillenecek olan yeni nesil bir hareketin de daha geniş bir perspektiften değerlendirilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Women’s human rights movement

The President of the United Nations General Assembly and the Secretary- General jointly proposed on March, 8 2012 international women’s day that convening of the Fifth UN World Conference on Women in 2015 is discussed at the 66th session of the General Assembly in September. The aim of this paper is to analyze women’s human rights movement the development and momentum of which corresponds with the previously held women’s conferences at a time when momentum and demands from women’s organizations for a fifth conference is growing. Women’s human rights movement challenged international human rights law and mechanisms by claiming that they do not adequately represent women’s human rights. The movement showed that universal human rights norms are patriarchal and state-centered because the conceptualization and functioning of these norms are based on the public/private distinction and aim at providing a guarantee against the violation of individual civil and political rights by state agents. Taking into consideration that, at the fifth conference, a new generation of women leaders will discuss the factors effecting enjoyment of women’s human rights and states’ role in preventing and criminalizing their violation; analyzing the development and main theoretical framework of women’s human rights movement will help us to understand a new generation of women’s human rights advocacy from a broader perspective.

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