NEGRİ VE HARDT’TA İKTİDARIN VE ÖZNELLİĞİN ANALİZİ ÜZERİNE

Bu yazıda, Chantal Mouffe’un Negri ve Hardt’a atfettiği geri çekilme stratejisi üzerine eleştirisinin sınırlarını göz önünde bulundurarak, Negri ve Hardt’ın İmparatorluk, Çokluk ve Duyuru başlıklı üç eseri bağlamında, öznellik ve iktidara ilişkin kritik temalardan bazılarını inceleyeceğim. Tartışmamın temel soruları, iktidar ilişkileriyle imparatorluk ve çokluk kavramsallaştırmalarını irdeleyen bir eksenin yanı sıra, Negri ve Hardt’ın öznellik analizi üzerinden gelişecek. Bu yazıda İmparatorluğun yapısını, biyopolitika sorunsalını ve Negri ile Hardt’ın neoliberal düzendeki dört öznellik kipi olarak belirledikleri borçlandırılanlar, güvenlikleştirilenler, medyalaştırılanlar ve temsil edilenleri ele alacağım. Bu öznelliklerin her birisinin içinden gelişebilecek dönüşüm imkânlarını Duyuru’da belirlenen kipler içinde ortaya koyacağım.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İmparatorluk, Çokluk, Öznellik, İktidar, Emek, Sermaye

ON THE ANALYSIS OF POWER AND SUBJECTIVITY IN NEGRI AND HARDT

In this paper, I will examine some of the crucial themes concerning subjectivity and power in the context of Negri and Hardt's three works, namely Empire, Multitude and Declaration by considering the limits of Chantal Mouffe's critiques on the withdrawal strategy which is attributed to them by Mouffe. The basic questions of my discussion will evolve around Negri and Hardt's analysis of subjectivity as well as an axis examining the power relations and conceptions of Empire and Multitude. I will discuss the structures of Empire, the biopolitical problematics, and those subjectivities that were identified by Hardt and Negri as the four modes of subjectivity in the neoliberal order, namely, indebted, securitized, mediatized, and represented. I will put forward the possibilities of transformation within each of these subjectivities in the modes identified in Declaration.

Keywords:

Empire, Multitude, Subjectivity, Power, Labour, Capital,

PDF

___

Bentham J. ( 1995). The Panopticon Writings, London: Verso.
Cleaver, H. (2000). Reading Capital Politically, Leeds: AK Press, AntiTheses.
De Landa, M. (2006). A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity, London: Continuum.
Deleuze, G. (1995). “Postscript On Control Societies”, Negotiations, trans. M. Joughin, New York: Columbia University.
Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F. (1988). A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia II, trans. Brian Massumi, London: The Athlone Press.
Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F. (1994). Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia I, trans. Mark Seem, Helene R. Lane, London: The Athlone Press.
Foucault, M. (2005) Entelektüelin Siyasi İşlevi, trans. Işık Ergüden, Osman Akınhay, Ferda Keskin, İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
Hegel, G.W.F. (1977). Phenomenology of Spirit, trans. A.V.Miller, New York: Oxford University Press.
Hardt, M. (2002). Gilles Deleuze: Felsefede Bir Çıraklık, trans. Ali Utku, İsmail Öğretir, İstanbul: Birey.
Lazzarato, M. (1996). “Immaterial Labour,” Radical Thought in Italy: A Potential Politics, ed. Paolo Virno, Michael Hardt, London: University of Minnesota Press.
Lazzarato, M. (2012). The Making of the Indebted Man: An Essay on the Neoliberal Condition, trans. J. D. Jordan, Amsterdam: Semiotext(e).
Marx, Capital I (1976). trans. Ben Fowkes, London: Penguin,
Marx, K. (1993). Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Draft). trans. Martin Nicolaus. London: Penguin Books and New Left Review.
Marx, K. (2010). Economic Manuscripts of 1857-1858, Marx&Engels Collected Works: Volume 28,
Marx (1857-1861), trans. Ernst Wangermann, Lawrence&Wishart.
Mouffe, C. (2012). “Radical Politics Today”, Contemporary Marxist Theory: A Reader, ed(s): Andrew Pendakis, Jeff Diamanti, Nicholas Brown, Josh Robinson, Imre Szeman, Bloomsbury Academic.
Negri, A. (2006). İmparatorluktaki Hareketler, trans. Kemal Atakay, İstanbul: Otonom.
Negri, A. (2012). “Constituent Power: A Concept of Crisis”, Contemporary Marxist Theory: A Reader, ed(s): Andrew Pendakis, Jeff Diamanti, Nicholas Brown, Josh Robinson, Imre Szeman, Bloomsbury Academic.
Negri, A.& Hardt, M. (2000). Empire, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Negri, A.& Hardt, M. (2004). Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of War, New York: Penguin Press.
Negri, A.& Hardt, M. (2012). Duyuru, trans. Abdullah Yılmaz, İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
Nietzsche, F.W. (2009). On The Geneaology of Morals, trans. Ian Johnston, Arlington: Richer Resources Publications.
Read, J. (2003). The Micro-Politics of Capital: Marx and the Prehistory of the Present, State University of New York Press.