Obezite ve Metabolik Sendrom

Obezite, vücudun tüketeceği enerji ihtiyacından fazlasının alınması ile oluşan, adipositlerin hipertrofi ve / veya hiperplazisi sonucu aşırı yağ birikimi ile karakterize metabolik sonuçları olan bir durumdur. Metabolik sendrom (MS) kavramı, tip 2 diyabet ve aterosklerotik özellikli kardiyovasküler hastalıkların oluşumuna katkı sağlayan risk faktörlerinin bir arada bulunması ile oluşan klinik durumu kapsar. Metabolik sendrom: artmış bel çevresi, artmış açlık kan şekeri, hiperinsülinemi, düşük HDL kolesterolü de içeren lipid metabolizma bozuklukları, hipertansiyon, proinflamatuar ve protrom-botik durumlardan oluşur. Metabolik sendromun etiyolojisinde “adipoz merkezli” ve “diyabet merkezli” olmak üzere iki farklı neden rol oynayabilir. Tüm bu metabolik değişikliklerin temelinde, insülin direncinin de patogenezinde temel rol oynayan yağ kütlesi artışı vardır. Fiziksel aktivite eksikli-ği, yüksek kalorili ve işlenmiş gıdaların tüketimi, MS'nin gelişimi için önemlidir. Bu makalede yağ dokusunun metabolik sendrom gelişiminde oyna-dığı rol ve obeziteyi insülin direncine bağlayan ortak paydanın, inflamasyonla sonuçlandığı belirtilmektedir. Ek olarak, Türkiye’de ve dünyada mev-cut literatür ışığında obezite ve metabolik sendrom prevalansını ortaya koymaktadır. Yine diyet tedavisinin metabolik sendromlu kardiyovasküler hastalığı olan hastalarda riski azaltmadaki önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Dünya çapında yapılan çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler ışığında XXI yüzyılda obezite ve komplikasyonlarını içeren metabolik sendrom bir salgın olarak ele alınmaktadır.

Obesity and Metabolic Syndrom

Obesity is a condition characterized by excess fat accumulation resulting from hypertrophy and /or hyperplasia of adipocytes, which is caused by consuming more energy than the body actually needs. This has some metabolic consequences. The concept of metabolic syndrome (MS) encompasses the clinical condition of the coexistence of some risk factors that contribute to the formation of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The metabolic syndrome consists of increased waist circumference, elevated fasting blood glucose, hyperinsulinemia, disorders of lipid metabolism including low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, proinflammatory and protrombotic conditions. Two different causes can play a role in the etiology of metabolic syndrome, namely "adipose centered" and "diabetes centered" causes. At the center of all these metabolic changes is the increa-se in fat mass, which also plays a major role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Lack of physical activity and consumption of high-calorie processed foods are important factors for the development of MS. In this article, the role of adipose tissue in the development of the metabolic synd-rome is underlined and it is shown that the common causal link between obesity and insulin resistance is inflammation. In addition, the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Turkey and in the world is presented in the light of the literature. The importance of dietary therapy to reduce the risk of patients with cardiovascular disease with metabolic syndrome is also emphasized. Data from worldwide studies require that, in the XXI cen-tury, the metabolic syndrome including obesity and its complications must be considered as an epidemic.

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ISSN: 1300-9818
Başlangıç: 2015
Yayıncı: Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi

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