Obezite ve Genetik

Obezite kardiovasküler hastalık veya diyabet gibi bazı önemli hastalıkların majör nedenlerinden biri olarak suçlanan ve dünya çapında artış gösteren bir problemdir. Besinlerin bolluğu ve beslenme tarzının değişmesi sonucunda obezite dünyada epidemik duruma gelmiştir ve ciddi sağlık problemlerine yol açmaktadır. Vücutta normalden fazla miktarda yağ dokusunun olması sebebiyle gelişir, çok sayıda faktöre bağlıdır. Obezitenin en önemli risk faktörlerini fiziksel aktivitede azalma, beslenme alışkanlıkları, yaş, kadın cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, evlilik, doğum sayısı ve genetik oluşturmaktadır. Obezitede genetik faktörlerin rolü komplekstir. İnsanlarda obezite ya monogenik sendromlar olarak veya multifaktoryel kalıtım modeline uymaktadır. Monogenik yani tek genin neden olduğu obezite, nadir görülür ve genetik sendromlarla birlikte olabileceği gibi tek başına da görülebilir. Poligenik obezite, obezitenin en yaygın görülen genetik versiyonu olup, multifaktoryel kalıtım modeli gösterir. Poligenik obezite genler, çevre, davranış ve hepsinin birbiriyle etkileşiminin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkar.

Obesity and Genetics

Obesity is an increasing problem around the world and it is blamed to be one of the major causes of some serious diseases such as diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular diseases. Obesity has become epidemic situation in the world as a result of abundance of nutrients and dietary changes and it leads to serious health problems. It occurs due to more body fat accumulation than normal levels, and is associated with many factors. Important risk factors of obesity are dietary habits, female sexualty, age, education, marriage, parity and genetic inheritance. The role of genetic factors in obesity is complex. In humans, obesity occurs either as monogenic syndromes or reflects a multifactorial model of inheritance. Monogenic obesity with an other definition, one gene related obesity is extremely rare and seen together with other genetic disorders. Polygenic obesity is the most common genetic version of obesity, and it presents a multifactorial inheritance pattern. Polygenic obesity occurs as a consequence of the interaction of the genes, environment, behavior with each other.

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ISSN: 1300-9818
Başlangıç: 2015
Yayıncı: Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi

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