Çocukluk Çağı Obezitesi: Tanım, Etiyoloji ve Klinik Değerlendirme

Obezite ve ilişkili olarak diyabet tüm dünyada yaygın olarak gözlenen önemli halk sağlığı problemlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Obezite etiyolojik temellerine göre ekzojen ve endojen diye ikiye ayırılmaktadır. Ekzojen obezite genel olarak fazla yağ içeren yüksek enerjili yiyeceklerin artmış tüketimi ve azalmış fiziksel aktivite sonucu meydana gelmektedir. Endojen obezite ise çeşitli genetik, sendromik ve endokrin nedenlerden kaynaklanabilmektedir. Vücut kitle indeksinin hesaplanması uygun referans değerler ile karşılaştırılması çocuk muayenelerinin ve okul sağlık prog-ramlarının bir parçası olmalıdır. Etiyolojiden bağımsız olarak tüm hastalar değiştirilebilir yaşam tarzına ait risk faktörleri ve komplikasyonlar açısın-dan değerlendirilmelidir. Çocukluk çağı obezitesinden korunma halen en iyi yaklaşım olmakla beraber obez çocukların yönetimi de çocuk hekimleri açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Childhood Obesity: Definition, Etiology and Clinical Evaluation

Obesity and obesity related-diabetes are accepted as an important public health issue in the world. On the basis of etiology, obesity is subdivided into two groups as exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous obesity is usually result of increased high fat and high caloric food consumption and decreased physical activity. Whereas endogenous obesity may be emerged from causes as endocrinopaties, monogenic syndromes and other genetic syndromes. Measurement of body mass index should be a part of all health-related visits of children, as well as of school health programs. Regardless of etiology, all patients should be assessed for modifiable lifestyle risk factors and potential complications of obesity. Although prevention remains the best ap-proach to halt childhood obesity, management of obese children is important issue for pediatricians.

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