Threshold Effects of Renewable Energy Consumption Among the G20 Countries: Asymptotic and Bootstrap Test for Linearity and Non-linearity in a TAR Approach

The relationship between renewable energy and economic growth is one of the most attractive subjects in economic literature. The purpose of this study is to in- vestigate ten different panel data sets for G20 countries in the 1970- 2013 period using TAR models with two regimes used for panel-data in a non-linear frame- work. In the literature, there is a limited number of studies using non-parametric techniques. The estimates indicate that the results may change according to the linear and nonlinear analysis. The linear model indicates that these countries have been converging during the last fourthly decades. The result of the non- linear model is absolute convergence under both regimes.

G20 Ülkeleri Arasında Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketiminin Threshold Etkileri: TAR Yaklaşımında Doğrusal ve Doğrusal Olmayan Asimtotik ve Bootstrap Testi

Yenilenebilir enerji ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki iktisat yazınında en ca- zip konulardan biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, doğrusal olmayan panel veri çatısın- da iki rejimli TAR modelini kullanarak 1970-2013 döneminde G20 ülkelerinde 10 farklı panel grubunu araştırmaktır. Literatürde, sınırlı sayıda parametrik olmayan teknik kullanılarak yapılan çalışma bulunmaktadır. Tahminler doğrusal ve doğru- sal olmayan analize göre sonuçların değişebileceğini göstermektedir. Doğrusal model son kırk yılda bu ülkelerde yakınsamayı yansıtmaktadır. Doğrusal olma- yan sonuçlar her iki rejimde de mutlak yakınsamayı göstermektedir

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